1. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction1 New York Real Estate for Brokers, 5 th e By Marcia Darvin Spada Cengage Learning

2. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction2 Chapter 6 Construction and Development Part I: Construction

3. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction3 Chapter 6 Key Terms  Amperage  Area variance  Article 9-A of the Real Property Law  Blueprint  Building code  Building permit  Building specifications  Certificate of occupancy (CO)  Circuit breakers  Completion bond  Condemnation  Cumulative zoning  Defect  Due diligence  Eaves  Eminent domain  Exclusive-use zoning  Flashing  Footing  Joist

4. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction4 Chapter 6 Key Terms (continued)  Outlots  Percolation  Pitch  Platform construction  Police power  Property condition disclosure (PCD)  Rafters  Regulatory taking  Sheathing  Sill plate  Slab-on-grade foundation  Special-use permit  Spot zoning  Steep slope  Subdivision  Subdivision regulations  Use variance  Watts  Wetlands  Zoning ordinance

5. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction5 The Basic Parts of a House

6. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction6 Foundation and Footings

7. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction7 Slab-on-grade construction

8. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction8 Structure Framing

9. © 2013 All rights reserved. A Non-Load Bearing Wall Chapter 6.1 Construction9

10. © 2013 All rights reserved. Placement of the Header within the Frame Chapter 6.1 Construction10

11. © 2013 All rights reserved. Ceiling and Roof Framing  Roof truss system-  truss carries the load- bearing function of the outer walls  Rafters-  wooden framing members that form the gables of the roof Chapter 6.1 Construction11

12. © 2013 All rights reserved. Exterior Covering Chapter 6.1 Construction12

13. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction13 Electrical Systems Electricity Flow of electrons Conductors Wires Ohm Unit of electrical resistance Insulator Prevents shock Voltage Pressure through wires Transformer Reduces voltage Amperage Amount of current

14. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction14 Above Ground and Underground Service

15. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction15 Main Panel Board Main panel board Subpanels Grounding Bus bars Circuit breakers or fuses Main disconnect Branch circuit wiring

16. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction16 Main Panel Board with Circuit Breakers

17. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction17 Wiring Materials Wiring Materials CopperBX Cable Romex Cable Conduit Greenfield (flexible conduit) Aluminum

18. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction18 Junction Boxes and Outlets JJunction Box CContains wiring and used for space for electrical connections OOutlet PPoint on wiring system where current is taken to supply equipment RReceptacle CConnected to branch circuit wires that supply current to equipment SSwitches OOpen and close electrical circuits

19. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction19 Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter GFCI shuts circuit Bathrooms Outdoors Kitchens Garages

20. © 2013 All rights reserved. American’s with Disabilities Act  Protects the rights of individuals with disabilities  Disability is defined in USC 42, Sec. 12101, as a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of a person’s major life activities  Covers public accommodations and multi-family residences Chapter 6.1 Construction20

21. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction21 Comprehensive Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)  Identify sites containing hazardous substances  Superfund Amendment expands Act  Liability may be passed to new owners  Due diligence reviews conducted to avoid liability to new owner in title transfer

22. © 2013 All rights reserved. NY Standards, Laws, and Regulations  NYS Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code  NYS Energy Code  Warranties on Sales of New Homes  Carbon Monoxide and Smoke Detectors  NYS Article 9-A  NYS Environmental Conservation Law  Home Improvement Contracts  NYS Human Rights Law Chapter 6.1 Construction22

23. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction23 Water Supply Water Quality Standards Must meet federal and state standards NYS Department of Health

24. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction24 New York’s Public Water Supply System

25. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction25 Water Quality and Flow Issues  Public or private  Water safety-bacteria, mineral content  Testing and remediation  Laboratory tests performed for well water

26. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction26 Private Water Supply Systems A well utilizes groundwater State and local department of health guidelines Well water quality and flow contingency contracts Well water samples can be tested

27. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction27 A home’s layout pattern with well water and septic system

28. © 2013 All rights reserved. Building Departments Functions Provides Building Permits Provides Certificate Of Occupancy Oversees Building Code Compliance Sends Building Inspectors On-Site Chapter 6.1 Construction28

29. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction29 Zoning ordinance Transfer of develop- ment rights Incentive zoning Cluster zoning Zoning permit Zoning classi- fications

30. © 2013 All rights reserved. Historic Preservation/Landmark Commission  Recommends adoption of ordinances   Preserving historical districts, landmarks, and historic sites  Reviewing and approving applications for construction, alteration, demolition, or relocation of a historic property or object  Recognizing subdistricts within a preservation district Chapter 6.1 Construction30

31. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction31 Police Power Federal, state, and local government power to legislate for the public good Zoning ordinances are an example of police power

32. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction32 Examples of Government’s Police Power PowerDefined Eminent domain Take property for public good; just compensation Escheat Gov’t can take property if owner dies w/o heirs Taxation Lien on real property

33. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction33 The NYS Uniform Fire Prevention and Building Code Municipality enforces code Certificate of Occupancy Construction permit Enforced by local building depts.

34. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction34 Seller Property Condition Disclosure  Presented before buyer signs contract of sale  May help protect licensees from liability Disclosure Statement Completed By Seller Presented to buyer $500 credit from Seller to buyer if not completed

35. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction35 Lead Drinking water Soil and dust Paint

36. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction36 The Residential Leadbased Paint Hazard Reduction Act Federal law Pre-1978 residential properties Disclosure of leadbased paint if known Disclosure by seller, lessors, their agents Up to $10,000 fine for noncompliance

37. © 2013 All rights reserved. Chapter 6.1 Construction37 Testing for Lead in Water and Paint  Lab will test paint chip  Lead testing swabs for solder, soil, paint and dust  Lead in water-lab tested sample  Best to leave paint in place if in good condition and not disturbed by children