1. CULTIVATION

2.  Reduce compaction  Reduce thatch  Smooth surface REASONS TO CULTIVATE TURF

3.  Reduce thatch and compaction  Improves air exchange  Increases roots and MO activity BENEFITS OF AERIFICATION

4.  Punching holes in the ground  Can be done anytime of year  Golf courses do it at least 2x/year AERIFICATION (ALSO CALLED CORING)

5.  0.25” to 1.0” diameter tines  3” penetration AERIFICATION (ALSO CALLED CORING)

6.  Used to aerify lawns  Takes less time  Spoon tines ROLLER AERIFIER

7.  Does not penetrate very deep ROLLER AERIFIER

8. ROLLER AERIFIER IN ACTION

11.  Most effective  Action Action PISTON AERIFIER

12. High-maintenance turf PISTON AERIFIER

13.  Opens soil without removing core  Less disruptive, less effective SOLID TINES

14.  Increases air exchange  Short term relief SOLID TINES

15.  Pop core out of the hole  Cores can be removed (harvested) Cores can be removed (harvested) HOLLOW TINES

16.  OR, the cores can be left on the surface to work back into thatch layer  Increases MO activity to reduce thatch  Brake up cores with a drag mat HOLLOW TINES

17.  The holes can be left open to gradually fill back in CORING HOLES

18.  OR, the holes can be filled with sand CORING HOLES

19.  Penetrates up to 10”  Deep tine video Deep tine video DEEP-TINE AERIFICATION

20.  Solid tines “kick” to loosen soil DEEP-TINE AERIFICATION

21.  Encourages deep root growth  Breaks up compacted layer below 3” depth of standard DEEP-TINE AERIFICATION

22.  Hollow tines can be more destructive DEEP-TINE AERIFICATION

23.  10” drill bits  Can fill holes along with aerifying DEEP-DRILL AERIFIER (FLOYD-MCKAY)

26.  Firing streams of water 3” to 8” into soil  5000 psi, 600 mph WATER INJECTION AERIFIER

27.  Little disruption to surface and little stress on turf  Excellent supplement during high temps  Not a replacement for coring WATER INJECTION AERIFIER

28.  Injecting columns of sand into green  Aerify without coring DRYJECT

29.  Very little disruption  Green ready in one hour DRYJECT

30.  Primary effectiveness is preventing thatch build-up  Blades nick soil surface to remove thatch  Recommended in spring only  Allow turf to recover DETHATCHING

31.  Destructive process that pulls up thatch and some crown and roots  Allow 30 days of recovery weather DETHATCHING

37.  One pass on centipede and St. Augustine  Multiple passes on bermuda and zoysia  Rhizomes DETHATCHING

38.  Fine dethatchers for golf greens  Much less disruptive on closely mowed turf VERTICUTTING

42.  Pulls out thatch  Needs to be done more frequently THATCH RAKE

43.  Dethatching blades that do not spin  Does not aerify or dethatch SPIKING SPIKING (OR SLICING)

44.  Improves drainage  Severs stolons to stimulate lateral growth SPIKING, OR SLICING

45.  Applying thin layer of soil over turf  Sand, sand with peat, soil, crumb rubber TOPDRESSING

46.  Modifies soil  Reduces thatch TOPDRESSING

47.  Brush in Brush in  Smoothes the surface  Greens and athletic fields TOPDRESSING

48.  Avoid layering  Use same, or coarser texture, soil  If layering exists, aerify! TOPDRESSING

49.  High quality turf: light, frequent applications  Sweeping works sand into surface TOPDRESSING

52.  Lawns can tolerate heavier topdressing and grow through it

54. Smooth putting surface Faster greens ROLLING