1. Taylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman
Water IV
Taylor Panfil, Brianna Ackerman

2. Increasing Levels in the Body
Water Intoxication/Hyponatremia
Extremes sodium loss through prolonged sweating coupled with dilution of existing extracellular sodium
To maintain homeostasis excess water outside the cell draws sodium from the cell into the ECF
As water accumulates, ECF sodium level concentration drops resulting in Hyponatremia
As sodium leaves the cell only water is left in the ICF, too much water inside the cell causes tissues to swell with excess fluid
Occurs when sodium serum levels are less then 135 mEq/L severe Hyponatremia occurs when sodium serum levels are less than 125 mEq/L

3. Hyponatremia… Three Different types
Hypovolemic Hyponatremia- A decrease in TBW resulting in a greater decrease in total body sodium.
Euvolemic Hyponatremia- Normal sodium levels and and increase in TBW
Hypervolemic Hyponatremia- An increase in total body sodium resulting in a greater increase in TBW.

4. Hyponatremia and Athletes
More likely to affect athletes
Excessive sweating results in water and electrolyte loss
Suffer Hyponatremia from drinking too much water without replacing lost electrolytes.
Excessive sweating/exercising also negatively effects athletes’ urine production from reduced renal blood flow which impedes the body’s ability to excrete excess water

5. Hyponatremia… Common in Infants. Other Causes Symptoms
If given tap water instead of formula or non-electrolyte balanced solutions such as Pedialyte or if formula is too diluted with water
Other Causes
Water Pills, Kidney problems, Congestive Heart Failure, Cirrhosis of the Liver, Low Sodium/High Water Diets
Symptoms
Headache, Confusion, Seizures, Muscle Cramps or Spasms, Weakness, Nausea and Vomiting

6. Decreasing Levels of Water in the Body
Dehydration
Lose too much water than is taken in
Results in impairment to carry out normal body functions
Impairment of body function results at levels of 2-3% loss of TBW.
The greater amount of water loss the more severe the symptoms

7. Dehydration… No one is exempt
Most common in younger children due to their small bodies and high water and electrolyte turnover
Also common in the elderly due to their decreased ability to conserve water and less accurate sense of thirst
Endurance Athletes
People suffering from chronic illness
Uncontrolled Diabetes, Kidney Disease, Alcoholism

8. Dehydration…
Causes
Intense Diarrhea, Vomiting, Sweating, not drinking enough water during hot conditions or exercise, increased urination from certain medications or alcohol, reduced eating and drinking from sickness
Symptoms
Dry mouth, Drowsiness, Thirst, Decreased Urine output, Dry skin, Headache, Low blood pressure, Dizziness.

10. Peak Functional/Dysfunctional Levels
~40-70% of body is Water
Levels depend on age, Activity level/lifestyle, Climate, Body composition and Gender
The average male should consume about 3 Liters of water/day to maintain optimal water balance levels
Women should consume about 2.2 Liters of water per/day

11. References http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/242166-overview#a0156
ECTION=causes
CTION=causes