1. A corpus-based study of PP placement in translated and non-translated journalistic Dutch. Annelore Willems, Gert De Sutter Faculty of Translation Studies University College Ghent – Ghent University {annelore.willems,gert.desutter}@hogent.be Grammar and Genre 2012

2. Stylistic rule in Dutch: a prepositional phrase (PP) should be extraposed in subordinate clauses whenever the distance between the subject and V-final becomes too large.  dat ik SU contacten heb V-final binnen een vijftiental ondernemingen van de Bel20.  that I SU contacts have V-final within about five enterprises of the Bel20.  Post field position or extraposition  dat ik SU binnen een vijftiental ondernemingen van de Bel20 contacten heb V-final.  that I SU within about five enterprises of the Bel20 contacts have V-final.  Middle field position or non-extraposition Background

3.  1. Try to investigate whether this stylistic rule is reflected in actual language use.  2. Try to investigate whether this rule has an identical effect in different genres of journalistic texts and in translated and non- translated Dutch. Purpose

4.  Dutch Parallel Corpus (DPC) a 10-million-word, parallel corpus of Dutch, English and French sentence-aligned with basic linguistic annotations 5 different text genres but for this presentation only journalistic texts  Data selection: dependent clauses starting with the grammatical conjunction dat (= that) PP phrases where variation between extraposition and non- extraposition is possible Method: Which data will be used?

5.  Length between SU en V-final in words  Length of the PP in words  dat ikSU contacten binnen een vijftiental ondernemingen van de Bel20 hebV- final.  that ISU contacts within about five enterprises of the Bel20 haveV- final. Operationalisation

6.  The length of the PP will be positively correlated with extraposition.  If the distance between SU and V-final becomes too large, the PP will be extraposed.  There will be a difference between news items and comment articles.  Biber & Conrad 2009  There will be a difference between translated and non-translated journalistic texts.  Baker 1993, Puurtinen 1998 Hypotheses

7. Results: general trend

8. The length of the PP will be positively correlated with extraposition. 1 = 2 or 3 words 2 = 4 to 6 words 3 = 7 to 11 words 4 = 12 or more words AV = extraposition MV = middle field

9.  Logistic regression analysis: The length of the PP will be positively correlated with extraposition. FactorO.R.p-value Length PP16.109.67 e -16 ***

10. If the distance between SU and V-final becomes too large, the PP will be extraposed. 1 = 0 words 2 = 1 or 2 words 3 = 3 or more words AV = extraposition

11.  Logistic regression analysis: If the distance between SU and V-final becomes too large, the PP will be extraposed. FactorO.R.p-value Length between SU and V 1.478.27 e -05 ***

12.  Stylistic rule in Dutch…  a PP should be extraposed in subordinate clauses whenever the distance between the subject and V-final becomes too large. length of the PP itself length between SU and V  … can be confirmed. Summary

13. Results: genre specific trends

14.  Overall distribution extraposition/non-extraposition in news articles and comment articles: There will be a difference between news items and comment articles. FactorO.R.p-value Subtype0.810.003**

15.  The length of the PP: no difference between news articles and comment articles There will be a difference between news items and comment articles. 45% 63% 88% 41% 53% 78% 95% 100%

16.  The length between SU and V: no difference between news articles and comment articles There will be a difference between news items and comment articles. 37% 62% 52% 43% 68% 57%

17.  Overall distribution extraposition/non-extraposition in translated and non-translated texts: There will be a difference between translated and non- translated journalistic texts. FactorO.R.p-value (non-)translated0.45

18.  The length of the PP: no difference between translated and non- translated journalistic texts There will be a difference between translated and non- translated journalistic texts. 44% 57% 86% 43% 60% 82% 99% 93%

19.  The length between SU and V: no difference between translated and non-translated journalistic texts There will be a difference between translated and non- translated journalistic texts. 41% 53% 78% 95% 64% 58% 40% 42% 66% 50%

20.  Difference between news articles and comment articles for the overall distribution of PP’s.  Stylistic rule has no different effect in news articles and in comment articles.  Stylistic rule has no different effect in translated and in non- translated texts. Summary

21. Thank you! For further information annelore.willems@hogent.be

22.  Interference?  Structural interference: the word order in the source text influences the word order in the target text. One last thing… Position source textsPosition PP target text ExtrapositionNon-extrapositionP-value ENAfter V-final62%38% 8.71e-10 Before V-final27%73% FRAfter V-final64%36% 1.597e-08 Before V-final15%85%

23.  Corpora: DPC Text TypeSRC → TGTDUENFRTotal Journalistic texts EN → DU 262 768264 9000527 668 FR → DU 240 7850265 530506 315 DU → EN 250 580259 7640510 344 DU → FR 314 9890340 319655 308 Total 1 069 122524 664605 8492 199 635 Overview DPC

24. Overview translated/non-translated

25. Overview extraposition/non-extraposition