1. THE EUROPEAN UNION The European Union
Some slides taken for Europa: Gateway to the European Union

2. The European Union: 493 million people – 28 countries

3. How has crossing country borders in Europe become easier?

4. The euro – a single currency for Europeans
Can be used everywhere in the euro area
4Coins: one side with national symbols, one side common
4Notes: no national side
EU countries using the euro EU countries not using the euro 4

5. The single market: freedom of choice
Since 1993: million new jobs 4 prices of phone calls and airfares halved
Four freedoms of movement: 4 goods 4 services 4 people 4 capital
© Getty Images 5

6. Free to move “Schengen”:
4 No police or customs checks at borders between most EU countries
4 Controls strengthened at EU external borders
4 More cooperation between police from different EU countries
4 You can buy and bring back any goods for personal use when you travel between EU countries
© Corbis 6

7. What does supra mean? In the context of the EU?
-”above” or “over” - EU govn’t/laws are above the individual nation’s

8. Define Centripetal & Centrifugal Forces
-Centripetal: forces that bring things together - Centrifugal: forces that divide things

9. Who was Robert Schuman & what were his suggestions to Europe?

10. Founding fathers New ideas for lasting peace and prosperity…
Konrad Adenauer
Alcide De Gasperi
Winston Churchill
Robert Schuman
Jean Monnet 10

11. Roots of the EU: European Coal & Steel Community
Idea that Europe should work together to manage steel and coal production --> peace to Europe after WW2
European Coal & Steel Community = set a common market for all steel & coal products
made trade free & easy!
6 countries: W. Germany, Italy, Belgium, France, Luxembourg, & Netherlands

12. European Economic Community (EEC: 1958)
Removed trade barriers for ALL good through Europe
1993: European Union created! :)
Goals:
promote peace & prosperity/economic well-being
What it does
creates jobs
protect citizens' rights
preserve the environment
create EU programs

13. Eight enlargements European Union (’93) Eur. Coal & Steel Community
EEC: Common Market (‘58)
Eur. Coal & Steel Community
1952
1973
1981
1986
1990
1995
2004
2007
European Union (’93)
12 original members 13

14. The EU symbols http://youtu.be/zHtBaVliQ2Y
12 stars = 12 countries in 1993 (EU)
Beethoven’s 9th Symphony
The European anthem
The European flag
Europe Day, 9 May
The motto: United in Diversity
Schuman’s Speech 14

15. Improving health and the environment
Pollution knows no borders – joint action needed
EU action has helped bring us:
4 Cleaner bathing water
4 Much less acid rain
4 Lead-free petrol
4 Free and safe disposal of old electronic equipment
4 Strict rules on food safety from farm to fork
4 More organic and quality farming
4 More effective health warnings on cigarettes
4 Registration and control of all chemicals (REACH)
© Van Parys Media

16. Economic Cooperation What are the centripetal & centrifugal Forces?

17. Centripetal Forces in Economics (brings together)
How does a common market unite Europe?
Breaks down tariffs (taxes)  trade between countries is MUCH easier!!
Goods are cheaper & easier to buy
People can travel freely between countries to find work
How does the creation of an EU trade bloc unite Europe?
Trade bloc = group of countries that act together to increase influence over world trade (want to be more involved with trading with other countries)
Trade bloc  outside nations (like USA!) want to do business with them  BETTER ECONOMY!!

18. Centrifugal Forces (pull apart)
How do the differences between western & eastern nations divide the EU?
More money is spent on the poorer countries in the east, which makes the West unhappy 
Fear of outsourcing jobs from the west to the east (cheaper labor!)
Eastern immigrants are coming to the western countries  fear of wage drop in the west
What divisions are created by the use of the Euro?
Not ALL countries use it (the United Kingdom uses the British pound)
New EU countries aren’t allowed to use it until they prove to the EU that they’re strong enough to handle it

19. Political Cooperation What are the centripetal & centrifugal Forces?

20. How does the development of a European citizenship unite Europe?
Centripetal Forces
How does the development of a supranational level of government unite Europe?
Brings members together to focus on issues they have in common
EU members are EU citizens….they’re united!!
How does the development of a European citizenship unite Europe?
They can live and work anywhere in the EU
They can vote in any EU election
They have ALL EU rights in every EU country
EU Parliament = ONE GOVERNMENT

21. Centrifugal Forces
How does the desire of European countries to keep their independence divide Europe?
They have to give some power up when they join the EU
They MUST carry out decisions made by the EU, even if the individual countries disagree
How can the expansion of EU membership cause division?
More people in EU  more (differing) opinions  harder for cooperation

22. Cultural Cooperation What are the centripetal & centrifugal Forces?

23. Centripetal Forces
How has the European Union united Europe by promoting a common culture?
European flag created  unity
European national anthem is in the “universal language of music”—has no words!
Europe Day on May 9
EU Wind Orchestra for young musicians
How does increased travel unite Europe?
Encourages people to learn other languages
GOAL: learn two languages + your home language

24. Centrifugal Forces How do languages divide the EU?
MANY languages  difficult communication
All speeches and documents of the EU must be translated into 20 different languages!
What are some other forces that continue divisions among European countries?
Hard to put personal interests aside for EU benefit  competition and conflict between countries