2.  All living things are called organisms.  Biodiversity is the short form of Biological Diversity.  Biodiversity refers to the wide variety of organisms on Earth.

3. HabitatBiodiversity RainforestTigers, monkeys, snakes, deer, wild orchids, squirrels, fern, elephants, etc PondFrogs, fish, tadpoles, water lily, water hyacinth, snails, dragonflies DesertCamels, lizards, cacti, rats, snakes Polar regionPolar bears, arctic foxes, seals, penguins, moss, lichens, snow rabbits SeaSharks, dolphins, whales, seaweed, oyster, prawns SoilEarthworms, snakes, ants, millipedes, centipedes, fungi, bacteria, scorpions

4.  Classification of the organisms is the sorting of organisms (animals or plants) into groups which have similar characteristics.  There are 5 major groups:  Animals  Plants  Fungi (mould)  Bacteria  Simple organisms (unicellular organisms)

5. AnimalsVertebratesFishBirdsAmphibiansReptilesMammalsInvertebrates

6.  Animals with backbone or spinal column.  It’s long, strong and flexible.  It supports the body, anchors the limbs and protects the spinal cord.  Usually large in size.

7.  Animals without backbones.  Usually small in size.  These animals have simple body systems.  Insects make up about 90% of all invertebrates.

8.  Cold-blooded (poikilotherm)  Live in water  Bodies are covered with slimy scales  Carry out external fertilisation (outside female body)  Lay eggs  Breathe through gills  Examples: pomfret, sea horse, eel, stingray **** Sharks give birth to their young

9.  Cold-blooded (poikilotherm)  Live in water and on land  Bodies are covered with moist skin  Carry out external fertilisation (outside female body)  Lay eggs  Breathe through lungs (adults) gills (young)  Examples: frogs, toads, salamander

10.  Cold-blooded (poikilotherm)  Live on land  Bodies are covered with hard dry scales  Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body)  Lay eggs  Breathe through lungs  Examples: lizards, snakes, crocodiles, turtles, tortoise **** Anaconda give birth to their young

11.  Warm-blooded (homeotherm)  Live on land  Bodies are covered with feathers and wings  Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body)  Lay eggs  Breathe through lungs  Examples: duck, pigeon, penguin, eagle, ostriches

12.  Warm-blooded (homeotherm)  Live on land  Bodies are covered with hair or fur  Carry out internal fertilisation (inside female body)  Give birth to their young and breast feeding  Breathe through lungs  Examples: humans, cows, bats, cats, porcupine, etc

13.  Echidnas lay eggs  Whales live in water and give birth  Platypus lays eggs  Bats have wings  Armadillos have scales  Anteaters lay eggs

15.  Invertebrates account for more than 90% of the species in the animal kingdom.  Many of the invertebrates are small I size and they have simple body structures.  They cannot grow too big because they do not have a backbone to support their weight.

16.  Insects (butterflies, bees, wasps, etc)  Scorpion  Molluscs  Worms  Crabs  Prawns  Spiders

17. invertebratesJointed legs3 pairs4 pairs More than 4 pairs Not jointed legs Worm-like Non-worm like

18.  Butterflies  Grasshoppers  Beetles  Crickets  Ants  Cockroaches

19.  Spiders  Scorpions  Mites  ticks

20.  Millipedes  Centipedes  Shrimps  crabs  Lobsters

21.  Leeches  Earthworms  Flatworms  Tapeworms  Roundworms

22.  Jellyfish  Starfish  Snails  Sea anemones  Cuttlefish  Squids

23. PlantsFloweringMonocotyledonsDicotyledonsNon-FloweringConifersAlgaeFernsMosses

25.  Seeds with one cotyledon.  Fibrous roots  Leaves with parallel veins  Most are herbaceous plants, non-woody stems.  Examples: maize, paddy, grass, orchid, sugar cane, banana, etc.

29.  Seeds with two cotyledon.  Tap roots  Leaves with network veins  Most are woody stems.  Examples: mango tree, durian tree, sunflower, rubber tree, etc.

33. Mono cotyledons Di cotyledons CotyledonOneTwo RootsFibrous roots Tap roots LeavesParallel veins Network veins StemNon-woodyWoody ExamplesMaize, paddy, banana Sunflower, rose, cactus

35.  Moss : spores  Fern : spores  Yeast : budding  Conifers : seeds in the cones

36.  It has simple stems and tiny leaves  No true roots  Reproduce through spores produced in capsules at the end of the stalks

37.  Moss  Liverwort

39.  It has stems, leaves and roots  It reproduces through spores produced in capsules on the underside of the leaves (fronds)  live on land and in moist shady places

40.  Bird’s nest fern  Staghorn’s fern

42.  Have roots, stems and needle-like leaves  Do not produce flowers but cones  Reproduce through seeds in the cones

43.  Pine tree  Spruce

44.  Unicellular or multicellular organisms  Do not have true stems, leaves or roots  Live in water or moist places  Examples:  Chlorella  Seaweed  Phytoplankton  Spirogyra  Yeast – reproduce through budding

47.  Contributes wealth of resources such as  Food  Fuels  Timber  Shelter  Spices  Clothing  Herbs  Medicines  Maintain carbon, water and oxygen cycles

48.  Illegal logging  Hunting of wild animals  Widespread clearing of forests for housing and urbanisation  Overfishing  Mining  Agricultural activities  Building dams

49.  Many plants are rich sources of traditional and modern medicines.  These are used to treat and prevent diseases.

50.  Biodiversity enhances the wealth of gene pools t further increase diversity in the future generations.

51.  The diversity of trees and plants enable timber, textile and paper industries to flourish.

52.  Plant and animals diversity provides a variety of food.

53.  Wetlands and forests provide clean water through repeated filtrations.

54.  Plants and trees take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen during photosynthesis.

55.  Many plants and rich sources of traditional and modern medicines.  These are used to treat and prevent diseases.