1. R ENAISSANCE (1350-1550) The Intellectual and Artistic Renaissance Mrs. Brahe World History II

2. O BJECTIVES Introduce humanism as the most important intellectual movement of the Renaissance Emphasize the great artists and sculptors of the High Renaissance period Michelangelo Raphael Leonardo da Vinci (Bernini statues)

3. H UMANISM Secularism and emphasis on the individual Humanism : based on the study of the classics (literary works of ancient Greece and Rome) grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, history Now called “humanities” Used pure classical Latin Later writers began to use vernacular (language of their region – like German, French, Italian) Masterpieces written in vernacular languages Italian: Dante’s Divine Comedy (journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven) English: Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales (portrays all levels of English society – stories of pilgrims)

4. E DUCATION Liberal Studies History, moral philosophy, eloquence (or rhetoric), letters (grammar and logic), poetry, mathematics, astronomy, and music Goal: virtue and wisdom Physical Education Javelin throwing, archery, dancing, running, wrestling, hunting and swimming Women Rarely admitted to schools Studied classics, history, learned to ride, dance, sing, play the lute, and appreciate poetry No mathematics or rhetoric Religion and morals were foremost for “Christian ladies to become good mothers and wives”

5. T HE A RTISTIC R ENAISSANCE IN I TALY Goal: reality of objects or events, imitate nature Human beings were the focus (“center and measure of all things”) New Techniques Frescos : painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints Expert – Masaccio (muh ZAH chee oh) of Florence Human figures previously looked flat, now have depth Perspective gives the illusion of 3 dimensions, realistic style Technical side of painting (perspective & organization of outdoor space and light through geometry) Investigation of movement and human anatomy (individual person, human nude as an art form) Donatello – sculptor, realistic freestanding figures (above)

6. T HE T RIBUTE M ONEY BY M ASACCIO

7. F AMOUS I TALIAN A RTISTS OF THE H IGH R ENAISSANCE (1490-1520) Leonardo da Vinci Realistic paintings, scientist – dissected human bodies Yet also stressed idealism (capture perfection of nature and the individual) Raphael Madonnas (paintings of the Virgin Mary) ideal beauty Frescoes in the Vatican Palace ( School of Athens – world of balance, harmony, and order) Michelangelo Painter, sculpture, architect Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome – ideal type of human being with perfect proportions More beautiful body = more god-like the figure

8. S CHOOL OF A THENS BY R APHAEL

9. T HE C REATION OF A DAM BY M ICHELANGELO – C EILING OF THE S ISTINE C HAPEL IN V ATICAN C ITY

10. N ORTHERN A RTISTIC RENAISSANCE Low Countries (now Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands) Gothic cathedrals with stained windows not conducive to fresco paintings of the Italians Illustrations for books, wooden panels for altarpieces Much smaller scale Flanders (a low country) Jan van Eyck (EYEK) Flemish painter Among first to use oil paint, wide variety of colors and fine details Imitated nature by observing reality and portraying those details Fiovanni Arnolfini and His Bride Albrecht Durer German artist, two trips to Italy Ideal beauty based on careful examination of the human form Adoration of the Magi

11. F IOVANNI A RNOLFINI AND H IS B RIDE BY J AN VAN E YCK