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9/11 & ISLAM TODAY
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SEPTEMBER 11, 2001
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9/11/01 TIMELINE ● 9:46am (CST), 1 minute into 3rd period o American Airlines, flight 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center. ● 10:03am (CST), 18 minutes into 3rd period o United Airlines, flight 175 crashed in the the South Tower of the World Trade Center ● 10:37am (CST), 3 minutes before the end of 3rd period. o American Airlines, flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon ● 10:59 am (CST), 14 minutes into 4th period o The South Tower collapsed. ● 11:03am (CST), 18 minutes into 4th period o United Airlines, flight 93 -- believed to be aiming for the White House, crashed in a field in PA. ● 11:38am (CST), passing period between 4th & 5th period o The North Tower collapsed
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WHAT WE KNEW THAT DAY? Not much. Chicago might be a target. Parents work downtown. School stayed open.
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WHY DID IT HAPPEN? ● 1957: Osama bin Laden born in Saudi Arabia ● 1979: USSR invaded Afghanistan to support Afghan Communists in a Civil War. o Start of Soviet-Afghan War, which lasted for 9 years. o Bin Laden age 22 ● 1984: Bin Laden went to Pakistan to support the Afghan cause ● 1988: Bin Laden formed al Qaeda in Pakistan ● 1990: Iraq invaded Kuwait; Saudi Arabia invited the US to in to defend Kuwait. Bin Laden did not like bringing in non-Muslim military assistance; holiest places of Islam are in Saudi Arabia. ● 1991: Saudi dissidents petition their gov’t to give religion great precedence in law making. ● 1994: Saudi authorities imprison leaders of religious dissent.
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WHY DID IT HAPPEN? ● 1995: A truck bombing at a Saudi Arabian National Guard building killed 5 Americans, 2 Indians. ● 1996: Bin Laden moved to Afghanistan after the Taliban took control of it. 1 month later, a truck bombing in Saudi Arabia killed 19 US Soldiers. 2 months later, Bin Laden issued his “Declaration of Jihad Against Americans” ● 1998: Al Qaeda attacked US embassies in Kenya & Tanzania. ● 2000: Al Qaeda attacked the USS Cole, a ship off the coast of Yemen. ● 2001.... 9/11
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● Purpose: Propaganda to persuade Muslims that the US & its allies were responsible for oppressing them around the world, and that Muslims had a duty to fight America. ● Incidents referred to in the document: o Israel’s 1996 invasion of Lebanon (border classes with Hezbollah), Israeli artillery that hit a UN compound killing 100+ Arab civilians. Also, Israel’s occupation of Palestine. o Iraq under UN sanctions, blamed for shortage of food & medicine o list of 11 regions Muslims struggled against occupation by non-Muslims o US occupation of Saudi Arabia o The poverty, repression & injustices faced by Muslims in Saudi Arabia due to their own government’s policies. ● Link to full text: http://salempress.com/store/pdfs/bin_laden.pdf http://salempress.com/store/pdfs/bin_laden.pdf “THE DECLARATION OF JIHAD ON THE AMERICANS OCCUPYING THE COUNTRY OF THE TWO SACRED PLACES.”
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● Speaking against Saudi Arabia o Claimed the leaders were no longer legitimate but propped up by the US. ● Impact o Raised Bin Laden’s profile as an Islamic militant, but most militants remained focused on local issues. o 2 years later the attack on American embassies occurred US responded with a cruise missile attack on al Qaeda bases in Afghanistan & Sudan o 2 years after that, USS Cole o 1 year after that 9/11. 2,977 Americans were killed. Link to full text: http://salempress.com/store/pdfs/bin_laden.pdf http://salempress.com/store/pdfs/bin_laden.pdf
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THE IMPACT OF 9/11 ● US War in Afghanistan, 2001 - today o Bin Laden was hiding there, supported by the the government (The Taliban) ● US War with Iraq, 2003-2011 o Fear of hidden Nuclear weapons getting into extremists hands ● Economic impact o $3.3 Trillion dollars in damages & costs related to response *NY Times* ● Islamophobia, 2001 - today
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Interactive timeline of the day’s events: http://timeline.national911memorial.org/ http://timeline.national911memorial.org/ Very short TV clips of the day’s events as they happened: https://archive.org/details/911#videosummary https://archive.org/details/911#videosummary NY Times’ Interactive Archives (on topics such as firemen, building structure, etc.): http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/20020707_wtc_U NITS/index_UNITS.html http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/20020707_wtc_U NITS/index_UNITS.html Mugshots of all of the terrorists: http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/index_SUSPECTS.html http://www.nytimes.com/library/national/index_SUSPECTS.html GREAT RESOURCES…
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BACKGROUND ON ISLAM
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Caliph = ruler of Islamic state Caliphate = Islamic state led by the Caliph Fundamentalist = strictly adheres to beliefs, usually word for word Extremist = takes fundamentalist view to support use of violence Muslim = those who follow Islam Islam = submit your will to Allah Arab = people living in primarily Arabic-speaking states ESSENTIAL VOCAB TO KNOW FIRST…
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ISLAM SPLITS INTO 2: SUNNI V SHI’A (SHI’ITE)
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SUNNI VS. SHIA (SHI’ITES) Why did they split? Argument of who should succeed as leader of Islam Should caliph be from Muhammad’s family [Shi’ites] or from Ummayid clan of recent caliphs [Sunni] ? Two Shi’a caliphs were assassinated and war broke out 11 Shi’a imams or caliphs were assassinated in all Hereditary line of Muhammad’s family ended with the disappearance of the “twelfth imam” Office of caliph no longer exists but dispute continues Best outsides sources for this split: http://www.cfr.org/peace-conflict-and-human-rights/sunni-shia- divide/p33176?cid=nlc-educators-education_bulletin- resources_for_the_academic_community-link4- 20140807&sp_mid=46660561&sp_rid=bWFyY2hiYW5rc2l2eUBnbWFpbC5 jb20S1#!/#overview-video http://www.cfr.org/peace-conflict-and-human-rights/sunni-shia- divide/p33176?cid=nlc-educators-education_bulletin- resources_for_the_academic_community-link4- 20140807&sp_mid=46660561&sp_rid=bWFyY2hiYW5rc2l2eUBnbWFpbC5 jb20S1#!/#overview-video http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-16047709 http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-16047709 About 83% of Muslims are Sunni today
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Formerly known as ISIS ISLAMIC STATE (IS)
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What is IS? Sunni extremists An offshoot of Al-Qaeda; US considers it a terrorist org. Goal? To create a continuous state of an Islamic Caliphate carved out a territory in Syria and Iraq What has IS done? Started in Syria (160k deaths in its own civil war, Syria is weak) in towns where the government was weak (basically all of them) Spread through borders to Iraq in surprise attack on Iraqi army How the IS is affecting the lives of people in Iraq http://projects.aljazeera.com/2014/new-iraqi-identity/ http://projects.aljazeera.com/2014/new-iraqi-identity/ Great short video on IS and the current situation over there: http://live.wsj.com/video/iraq-isis-sparks-a-middle-east-crisis- explained/74607CBE-0725-4C02-A289- ABA34FEAB516.html#!74607CBE-0725-4C02-A289-ABA34FEAB516 http://live.wsj.com/video/iraq-isis-sparks-a-middle-east-crisis- explained/74607CBE-0725-4C02-A289- ABA34FEAB516.html#!74607CBE-0725-4C02-A289-ABA34FEAB516 ISLAMIC STATE (IS - FORMERLY ISIS)
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YOUR ASSIGNMENT…
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1.Muslims are to blame for the 9/11 terrorist attacks in NYC. 2.The Islamic State (IS) simply a repeating historical pattern of Islamic sectarian violence. *Turn it in through Turnitin.com, it will be open until midnight tonight. Class Number --- 7261691... Password: harweger *Use complete sentences. *Length should be at least five sentences each. *Use evidence in your arguments. 2 TWEDYAODWT’S
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