1. Protests and Reformers

2. The Luddites 1811-1816 Attacks on the “ frames ” [power looms]. Ned Ludd [a mythical figure supposed to live in Sherwood Forest]

3. Thomas Malthus Population growth will ALWAYS outpace the food supply. War, disease, or famine could control population. The poor should have less children. Food supply will then keep up with population.

4. David Ricardo Ricardo said wages would always be low “ Iron Law of Wages. ” When wages are high, workers have more children. More children create a large labor surplus that depresses wages.

5. The Utilitarians Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill Utilitarianism: The goal of society is the greatest good for the greatest number. There is a role to play for government intervention to provide some social safety net.

6. Jeremy Bentham

7. The Socialists Mixed Economy People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals. People as a society would operate and own the means of production, not individuals. Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few. Their goal was a society that benefited everyone, not just a rich, well-connected few. Tried to build perfect communities [utopias]. Tried to build perfect communities [utopias].

8. The Utopians Robert Owen 1. everyone is a product of their environment so it is important to support education and labor reforms 2. children need school not working in factories (Factory Labor Act in 1833) 3. Important to support people of society for society to get ahead All is good- Founder of Socialism The Socialists

9. The Socialists Marxists Karl Marx Frederick Engels (The Beard Guys...) They co-wrote The Communist Manifesto

10. The Socialists Marxists This radical form of Socialism becomes known as Communism with a Command Economy

11. Communist or Command Economy Communism as a political philosophy: 1. Workers will own all means of production (no more factory owners who are richer....) 2. Everyone will equally share in wealth of society (no more haves and have-nots) 3. To achieve this radical new society it will require violence and revolution

12. Communist or Command Economy Communism as an economic form is called a command economy Govt decides what is made, by whom, and how it is made

13. Capitalism/ Free Market Economy Adam Smith A Wealth of Nations

14. Capitalism/ Free Market Economy In the 1800s govts made the decisions about what to produce and how to produce it For example- most nations used high tariffs (taxes on imports) to raise the price of foreign made goods and discourage their own citizens from buying them.

15. Capitalism/ Free Market Economy The Scottish philosopher Adam Smith brought a new idea: *the wealth of a nation as the amount of goods & services that a nation is capable of producing. *Smith argued that in most cases, gov ’ t should not attempt to influence what goods are produced, how they are produced, or whether consumers brought domestically or from foreign producers

16. Capitalism Free Market Economy Shift from mercantilism to laissez-faire economics(”Hand s off”)

17. Characteristics of a Market Economy 1. Private Property 2. Freedom of choice 3. Self-interest 4. Profit motive 5. Markets and Prices 6. Competition 7. Limited Gov ’ t

18. Review of Isms...

19. According to Karl Marx, history is the record of the a. granting of more political liberties to all people b.struggle between classes in society c. wars and conflicts between national leaders d.increasing prosperity brought about by industrialization Explanation: Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.

20. A main idea of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles ’ Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat a. would need foreign help to achieve its revolutionary ends b.had to cooperate with the capitalists to gain economic rewards c. should allow the capitalists to control the means of production d.must unite to overthrow the capitalist class Explanation: Marx and Engles wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would unite and rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.

21. “ The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains…Workers of the world, unite! ” This statement was made in response to conditions resulting from the a.Protestant Reformation b.Counter-Reformation c.Commercial Revolution d.Industrial Revolution Correct Answer Number: 4 Explanation: During the Industrial Revolution, workers (the proletariat) often suffered under harsh working conditions and with little pay in the factories of the bourgeoisie. These conditions led Marx and Engles to draft the Communist Manifesto to urge workers to revolt against the upper classes in favor of a system of socialism, where all citizens would benefit from all of the property and resources in a nation.

22. According to the theories of Karl Marx, history can be viewed as a 1.succession of famines that result in the destruction of civilizations 2.repeating cycle of imperialism and colonialism 3.listing of the accomplishments of the ruling classes 4.continuous struggle between economic classes Correct Answer Number: 4 Explanation: Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto (1848) that all of human history is based on the conflict between the bourgeoisie (those who own the means of production) and the proletariat (working class). He predicted that the proletariat would rise up in a violent revolution to overthrow the bourgeoisie and create a society with an equal distribution of goods and services.