1. Chapter 21 Section 2 Review Page 530

2. Wave parts

3. 1. Explain how wavelength and wave period can be used to calculate wave speed.
Wave speed = wavelength
wave period

4. 2. Describe the formation of waves.
Uneven heating of Earth creates winds. Waves form when friction between moving air and water causes ripples.

5. 3. List three factors that determine the size of a wave.
Length of time the wind blows in one direction
The speed of the wind
The fetch (distance the wind can blow across open water)

6. 4. Explain why incoming waves refract (bend) toward the beach until they strike the shore head-on.
Most waves approach the coast at an angle. Friction with the bottom slows the part of the wave that is in the shallower water, while the part in the deep water keeps moving fast. This causes the wave to bend gradually toward the shoreline.

7. Wave “Bottoms out”

8. Waves bending as they approach the shore

9. 5. Describe what factors cause tsunamis.
Tsunamis are caused by:
underwater earthquakes
Volcanic eruptions
Underwater landslides

10. 6. Explain why waves slow down in shallow water.
Contact with the ocean floor creates friction, which causes the wave to slow down.

11. 7. Explain how whitecaps could affect climate.
Whitecaps reflect solar energy, which allows less radiation to reach the ocean. If less thermal (heat) energy is transferred to the water, then there is less heat available in the water to moderate climates along the path of ocean currents.

12. The End