1. Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Section 2: Science in Context
CCS Biology
Mr. Bogusch

2. Exploration and Discovery: Where Ideas Come From
Scientific Attitude
Curiosity, skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity help scientists generate new ideas
Practical Problems usually inspire scientific investigations
Role of Technology
New technology enable scientist to ask new questions, produce new substances, and have new capabilities

3. Communicating Results: Reviewing and Sharing Ideas
Why is peer review important?
Scientist share their findings with the scientific community by publishing articles that have undergone peer review
Experts review scientific papers in their field and evaluate each others work
Sharing knowledge and New Ideas
Scientists publish their work in a dynamic marketplace, available to everyone.

4. Scientific Theories What is a Scientific Theory?
Theory (scientific) – a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypothesizes and that enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new about new situations
Ex. Theory of Evolution, Gravity, Germ theory
Everyday us of the word theory = hunch, guess
Scientific use of the word theory = accepted as true and parts of the theory will be modified with new information.
PBS Theory

5. Science and Society
What is the relationship between science and society?
Science, Ethics, and Morality
Science explain why natural phenomena happen and do not include ethical or moral viewpoints
Avoiding Bias
Bias – a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.
Science aims to be objective
Understanding and Using Science
The main point of science is to understand, not memorize or “believe.”

6. Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Section 3: Studying Life

7. Characteristics of Living Things
Biology- the study of life
Living things are made up of basic units called cells, are based on a universal genetic code, obtain and use materials and energy, grow and develop, reproduce, respond to their environment, maintain a stable internal environment, and change over time

9. Characteristics of Living Things
1. Living things are based on a universal genetic code
All organisms store vital information in the form of DNA.
DNA is copied and passed from parent to offspring
2. Living things Grow and Develop
Every organism has a particular pattern of growth and development

10. Characteristics of Living Things
3. Living things respond to their environment
Organisms detect and respond to stimuli from their environment
Stimuli – signal to which an organism responds
4. Living things are made of cells
Cells- highly organized structures; smallest units of life that are considered alive

11. Characteristics of Living Things
5. Living things reproduce
Sexual reproduction – cell from two parents unite to form the first new cell of an organism
Asexual reproduction – a single organism produces offspring identical to itself
6. Living things maintain a stable internal environment
homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment despite external conditions

12. Characteristics of Living Things
7. Living things obtain and use material and energy
Metabolism – the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down

13. Characteristics of Living Things
8. Living things evolve (as a population)
Over many generations groups of organism change over time
Evolutionary change links all forms of life to a common ancestor 3.5 billion years ago
Evidence of this shared history is found in all aspects of living a fossil organism

15. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Cellular Basis of Life
Unicellular – organisms that consist of one cell
Multicellular – organisms that consist of more than one cell

17. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Information and Heredity
All living things are based on a universal genetic code- DNA
The information in DNA represents an unbroken chain that stretches back 3.5 billion years

19. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Matter and Energy
Life requires matter that serves as body structures and energy that fuels life’s processes
Growth, development, and reproduction
Homeostasis
Living things maintain a relative stable internal environment

21. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Evolution
Taken as a group, living things evolve
All living things are linked back to a common ancestor 3.5 billion years ago
Crocodile evolution

22. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Structure and Function
Each major group of organism has its own “tool kit” of structures that have evolved

23. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Unity and Diversity of Life
All living things are fundamentally similar at a molecular level.
All organisms are carbon-based and store information in a common genetic code.
Interdependence in Nature
Biosphere – living planet
Organisms are linked to one another and the planet

25. Big Ideas in Biology What are the Central Themes of Biology
Science as a Way of Knowing
Science is not just a list of facts

26. Performing Biological Investigations
How is the metric system important in science?
Because researchers need to replicate each other’s experiment a common system of measurement is used
Metric system – a decimal system of measurements whose units are based physical standards and are scaled to multiples of 10.
Also called the SI system –International system of units.

28. Safety
Scientists working in a laboratory or in the field are trained to use safe procedures when carrying out investigations.
Whenever you work in your biology laboratory, you must follow safe practices as well.
Before you start each activity, read all the steps and make sure that you understand the entire procedure, including any safety precautions.
The single most important safety rule is to always follow your teacher’s instructions. Any time you are in doubt about any part of an activity, ask your teacher for an explanation.

29. Safety
Because you may come in contact with organisms you cannot see, it is essential that you wash your hands thoroughly after every scientific activity. Wearing appropriate protective gear is also important while working in a laboratory.
Remember that you are responsible for your own safety and that of your teacher and classmates. If you are handling live animals, you are responsible for their safety too.