1. Water Storage, Transport & Distribution

2. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 2 Contents 1.Needs 2.Crucial principles 3.Storage 4.Transport and Distribution

3. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 3 1. Needs

4. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 4 Water-related emergency operations have the aim to provide safe and sufficient water for … 1.Drinking 2.Cooking 3.Personal hygiene 4.Domestic hygiene THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1

5. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 5 2. Crucial principles - Quantity - Proximity - Water sources protection

6. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 6 Crucial principles Every reduction in the available quantity directly affects people's health In emergencies people use more water than in a normal situation 15 litres per person per day (minimum) Quantity THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1

7. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 7 It is preferable a large quantity of water of acceptable quality than a small quantity of water of high quality.

8. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 8 Proximity Water consumption directly depends on the distance to the water source. Distance shorter than 500 metres THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 1

9. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 9 Protection of water sources Without sufficient and immediate protection, water sources quickly become sources of diseases and epidemics. THE SPHERE PROJECT WATER SUPPLY STANDARD 2

10. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 10 3. Storage

11. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 11 A water supply basic system 1. Raw water abstraction and storage 2. Treatment 3. Drinking water storage 4. Distribution © Santiago Arnalich 2002

12. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 12 Beneficiaries participation The participation of benefiaries at all levels leads to the following advantages: 1. System culturally accepted 2. Reinforcement of ownership 4. Improves self-esteem in crisis time 3. Provides sustainability to the system

13. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 13 Relevance of water storage: 1. Improves water quality 2. Absorbs flow demand peaks and water source fluctuations 3. Allows maintenance & repairs but providing the service 4. Keeps pressure in water points

14. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 14 To ensure water distribution during flow demand peaks Carry out storage calculation to satisfy demand (see handout)

15. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 15 We must store the largest amount as possible, 24 hours minimum supply. Storage is a crucial element in any water supply system. Planning water storage

16. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 16 Choose small tanks (5 and 10 m 3 ) Avoid large earth movements to elevate the tanks Carry out an adequate drainage Cover open tanks Fence working area Planning water storage

17. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 17 ERU WATSAN MOD.15 Water Tanks SRC (30 m 3 ) Open tank with metallic structure Seine (30 m 3 ) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water

18. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 18 (30 m 3 ) Open flexible onion tank Seine (30 m 3 ) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water ERU WATSAN MOD.15 Water Tanks SRC

19. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 19 ERU WATSAN MOD.15 Water Tanks SRC (10 m 3 ) Open flexible onion tank Seine (10 m 3 ) Raw water / Pre Treatment / Mass water

20. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 20 ERU WATSAN MOD.15 Water Tanks SRC (10 m 3 ) Closed flexible bladder tank Seine (10 m 3 ) Drinking water

21. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 21 ERU WATSAN MOD.15 Water Tanks SRC (5 m 3 ) Closed flexible bladder tank Seine with interior screens to avoid water movement, adequate for water transport in lorries (5 m 3 ) Drinking water

22. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 22 ERU WATSAN MOD.15 SRC STORAGE CAPACITY (NEW 2008) Each box CAP/01 (total 5 boxes): 1 onion tank 30 m 3 Each box CAP/03 (total 5 boxes): 1 onion tank 10 m 3 Each box DIS/01 (total 5 boxes): 2 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box DIS/02 (total 5 boxes): 1 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box DIS/03 (total 5 boxes): 1 bladder tank 5 m 3 Each box (total 5 boxes) : 1 bladder tank 10 m 3 TOTAL STORAGE CAPACITY: Closed tanks (drinking water): 150.000 litres Open tanks (raw water and/or mass water): 200.000 litres

23. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 23 Maintenance Disinfect the onion tanks before packing. Pour 1,000 litres of clean water with 150 gr. of chlorine. Move the water in the tank to reach all parts and leave it 30 minutes to work. Empty the tanks and leave then to totally dry. Fold and pack the tanks in the original packing. Do not store in damp places or where there are rodents. Do not store with sharp objects above or bellow the tanks. Disinfect the bladder tanks before using them in the same way as the onion tanks before packing them. Use the repair kit in case of cuts.

24. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 24 4. Transport & Distribution

25. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 25 Water transport or tankering to : Static water tanks Directly to the benefiaries Tankering operations are complex and expensive, thus, we have to avoid then if possible although they are unavoidable in many occasions in emergencies. AIM: Maximum distance between homes and water points must not exceed 500 metres (Sphere Project pg.73).

26. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 26 Tankering conditions : Quick installation of static tanks where to unload water Equal distribution Easy access and turning space for lorries Good drainage at water points 1 day consumption storage reserve Possibility of site improvement

27. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 27 Direct distribution from lorries to population: Clean containers to collect water Equal distribution Volunteers to organise queuing system

28. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 28 Tankering operations must be well-organised specially during the first stages of the emergency, to avoid chaos and unrest.

29. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 29 Tankering Water distribution with a 5,000 litre flexible tank disposed on a lorry.

30. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 30 Tankering 7,000 litre tanker

31. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 31 Tankering Water distribution with a 5,000 litre PVC rigid tank with pump disposed on a lorry

32. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 32 Calculation of the number of lorries Nº of deliveries per tanker in a day = Working hours in a day / gross turnaround time (A) Total number of deliveries in a day = Daily tankered water / volume per tanker (B) Number of tankers = B / A + 25%

33. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 33 Location of drinking water tanks : In elevation regarding tapstands (or water ramps or water horses): pressured water flow by gravity. Tanks no too high regarding water treatment plant

34. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 34 Tank location Tie with ropes Sand bags base. Approximately 45º slope Earth base. Approximately 30º slope. Earth-filled metallic barrels and planks

35. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 35 Tank location 10,000 closed flexible tanks on a wooden structure

36. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 36 Tapstands THE SPHERE PROJECT Minimum one tap per 250 people on the account of a water flow per tap of 7,5 litres per minute

37. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 37 Tapstands Watch out peak demand collection Volunteer surveillance System ramification Avoid stagnant water

38. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 38 Tapstands Tapstand with a emergency drainage

39. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 39 Detail of the connection of two tapstands Tapstands

40. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 40 Tapstands Tapstand with permanent drainage (1% gradient)

41. Water Storage, Transport and Distribution WATSAN M15 ERU 41 Thank you……….