1. LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. PART II B – PAKISTAN’S FLOODS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

2. NATURAL DISASTER FACED BY PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKES CYCLONES FLOODS LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST GOAL: FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE

3. NORTHWEST PAKISTAN (AND AFGHANISTAN) HIT BY CATASTROPHIC FLOODING AFTER PROLONGED MONSOON RAINS JULY 28-AUGUST 23, 2010 [NOTE: War and Ramadan (which began on Aug 12) were major hinderances]

4. ONE-FIFTH OF PAKISTAN AFFECTED

5. Over 1,600 Pakistanis died (and probably many more) and more than 20,000,000 were impacted, including 3,500,000 children, as rains swelled rivers, inundated villages, and triggered landslides, causing entire villages, roads, and bridges to be swept away and leaving some areas isolated.

6. BACKGROUND OF THE 2010 FLOOD DISASTER

7. Summer floods are common as a result of monsoon rains that swell rivers and streams across Pakistan, but 2010’s floods, which began in May and continued through August were the worst in 80 years, setting records in the province of KhyberPakhtunkhwa, parts of the Pakistan-administered Kashmir region, and the Punjab province.

8. DERA ISMAIL KHAN: INUNDATED

9. FLOOD SWOLLEN RIVER: MINGORA, SWAT

10. MUZAFFARABAD: RISING FLOOD WATERS

11. PAKISTAN COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION FLOOD RISKS RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TOWARDS FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION RISK MANAGEMENT

12. FLOOD RESILIENCE GOALS PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR WHAT HAPPENS) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND) PREPAREDNESS (BE READY FOR WHAT HAPPENS) PROTECTION (BUILD TO WITHSTAND)

13. THOUSANDS OF MUD BRICK HOMES COLLAPSED

14. NOWSHERA: DAMAGED MUD HOUSE

15. COLLAPSED HOUSE

16. THESE LIVESTOCK WERE SAVED, BUT THOUSANDS DROWNED

17. LOSS OF INFRASTRUCTURE HINDERED EMERGENCY RESPONSE

18. TRYING TO DIVERT WATER

19. FLOOD RESILIENCE GOALS REAL-TIME MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS (EVACUATION) EMERGENCY RESPONSE (RESPOND TO NEEDS OF PEOPLE) RECOVERY/RECONST. (RESTORE TO NORMAL QUICKLY) REAL-TIME MONITORING AND WARNING SYSTEMS (EVACUATION) EMERGENCY RESPONSE (RESPOND TO NEEDS OF PEOPLE) RECOVERY/RECONST. (RESTORE TO NORMAL QUICKLY)

20. The survival of some of the poorest of the poor living in the districts of Nowshera, Charsadda, Peshawar, Swat, and Lower Dir became problematic very early because of the prolonged, catastrophic nature of the monsoon rains and flooding.

21. EVACUATION WAS DIFFICULT EVERYWHERE

22. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION

23. NOWSHERA: EVACUATION TO A SAFE HAVEN

24. NOWSHERA: SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

25. SEEKING HIGHER GROUND

26. SEEKING A SAFE HAVEN

27. EVACUATE WITH WHAT CAN BE CARRIED

32. THIS EVACUATION FROM CHARSADDA WAS DIFFICULT

33. CLINGING TO DEBRIS

34. The USA provided $60 million for immediate emergency assistance along with Navy and Marine helicopters, rescue boats, water filtration units, prefabricated steel bridges and thousands of packaged meals, which Pakistani soldiers tossed from helicopters

35. OVER 3.5 MILLION CHILDREN IMPACTED

36. The United Nations announced Saturday, July 31, that they would provide $10 million dollars for immediate emergency assistance and would appeal for 460 million for an emergency effort to provide food, medicine, water, and shelter, especially for 3.5 million children.

37. International response to the appeal of the United Nations for $460 million was unusually slow due mainly to global economic slow- down.

38. MUZAFFARABAD: INADEQUATE TEMPORARY SHELTER

39. INADEQUATE TEMPORARY SHELTER

40. ADEQUATE TEMPORARY SHELTER?

41. FOOD LINE IN PUNJAB PROVINCE: AUGUST 20

43. WAITING FOR FOOD

44. PESHAWAR: MELONS BECAME PRECIOUS

45. In Afghanistan, NATO and Afghan troops flew dramatic helicopter rescue missions in militant-held territory, displaying "acts of heroism that were awe inspiring," according to a spokesman for the Combined Air Power Transition Force.

46. 30,000 Pakistani troops rescued 28,000 people using helicopters and other means, and distributed water and food.

47. NOWSHERA: PAKISTANI ARMY DISTRIBUTING WATER

48. By August 12 th, rain-swollen rivers were receding, but the disaster was still growing because many of Pakistan’s poorest of the poor families had not only lost their homes, but also the ability to feed themselves, and were now threatened with disease..

49. The rains paused on Monday, August 2, for a time, but survival for thousands was already a race with time as evacuation, search and rescue, mass care (food, clean water, and short- and long-term health care to prevent disease) were severely hindered by the widespread inundation and loss of infrastructure.

50. On August 12 th, Pakistan’s President Zardari made his first trip to Sukkur to view the flood impacts and to assure angry citizens concerned that they had been abandoned, that the Government was working very hard to obtain international relief.

51. PROTESTERS: NOWSHERA

52. The people protested to the government, because they perceived that the urgent need adequate temporary shelters, and clean drinking water and toilets to avert a public health catastrophe was NOT being met.

53. LESSON: TO REACH THE GOAL OF FLOOD RESILIENCE - - - ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN IMPLEMENTING POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO FLOOD RESILIENCE.