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Amphibians Class Amphibia
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Chinese Giant Salamander
Amphibians Animals that can live on land and in water Chinese Giant Salamander
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Amphibians First animals with four limbs
Tetrapods: vertebrates that have four limbs.
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Acanthostega Found in 360 million year-old rocks in Greenland
Had lungs and eight-toed legs, but also had gills and a lateral line system.
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Fish to Amphibian Transition
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Adaptations help amphibians live on land
Large shoulder and hip bones help support more weight.
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Adaptations Interlocking projections on the vertebrae help keep the backbone from twisting and sagging.
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Adaptations Mobile, muscular tongue allows amphibians to capture and manipulate food.
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Adaptations Development of a middle ear help some amphibians hear out of water.
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Adaptations Breathe through the skin or with the use of gills or lungs
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Adaptations Amphibians have a three-chambered heart
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Amphibians return to the water to reproduce
Eggs do not have shells
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Strategies to keep eggs wet:
Laying eggs directly in water Laying eggs on moist ground Wrapping eggs in leaves Brooding eggs in pockets on the female’s back
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Pygmy Marsupial Frog Flectonotus pygmaeus
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Tadpoles Some frogs start as tadpoles
Have gills and a broad-finned tail
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Amphibian Metamorphosis
Change in form and habits of an animal It affects nearly every organ in the tadpole’s body
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Tadpole into Adult Frog
Gills are reabsorbed and lungs develop Circulatory system is reorganized to send blood to the lungs Tail fin is reabsorbed
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Tadpole into Adult Frog
Body grows limbs and completely reorganizes its skeleton, muscles, and parts of the nervous system. Digestive system is rebuilt to handle a carnivorous diet.
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Three Groups of Modern Amphibians
Salamanders Frogs Caecilians
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Salamanders More than 300 species Long body Four walking limbs tail
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Salamanders Walk with a side-to-side movement that may be similar to ancient tetrapods The largest family of salamanders do not have lungs, so they exchange gases through the lining of their skin and mouth.
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Family Plethodontidae
Lungless salamanders Most common kind
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Salamanders Larvae and adults are carnivores
Invertebrates Vertebrates Insects Fish Worms Frogs Snails
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Frogs Over 3000 species Largest group of living amphibians
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Adult Frogs Tailless bodies Long, muscular hind limbs Webbed feet
Exposed eardrums Bulging eyes
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Adult Frogs Bodies adapted for jumping
Elongated bones in their hips, legs and feet for increased speed and power Hind legs have fused bones that absorb the shock of landing
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Toads One family of frogs Rougher, bumpier skin
Shorter legs- not good jumpers Glands make toxins that protect them from predators – also in tropical frogs
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Frogs Live in every environment on Earth except at the poles and the driest deserts.
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Caecilians Legless, burrowing amphibians
Live in the tropics, such as South America
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Caecilians 160 species Range from 4 inches to 5 feet
Banded bodies that make them look like giant earthworms
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Caecilians Are predators Search for earthworms and grubs
Have no arms or legs for burrowing, so have to move like an earthworm. Use hydrostatic skeleton to stiffen it’s body and drive its head forward like a battering ram.
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