1. 1 Inception cum Training Workshop on Eco-housing in Bhutan 21 – 25 March 2006

2. 2 Population ­Nearly two-thirds of world population growth is in Asia ­Nearly 50 million peoples are being added to Asia every year Asia & Pacific

3. 3 Population Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision ­Projected population in Asia: 4.88 billion by 2030

4. 4 ­Asia will have an urban population of 2.6 billion by 2030 24% 54% (2.6 billion) Asia Growing urban proportion Urbanization Urban Population (Millions) 37% (1.4 billion) Source: World Population Prospects: The 2002 Revision

5. 5 GDP Growth Forecast 3.1 2.3 6.0 2003-2015  The global economy is expected to grow at 3.1% during the 2002-2015  Asian economy is projected to be growing at 6% during the same period Source: Global Economic Prospects 2003, World Bank

6. 6 Emerging Middle Class Middle class (million) based on the number of people who can buy automobiles ­ 60s and 70s: if a Chinese person wanted to buy a bicycle, he had to save for a few years ­ Now: for some middle class families, it would only take 2 to 3 years to save and buy a car

7. 7 Growing Service Sector Share of service sector in global economy 38% 60% Projections

8. 8 Urban vs. Rural: Energy Consumption Energy Consumption Developed (Germany) (Kw/capita) Developing (India) Kw/capita Average50.6 Urban62 Rural30.3

9. 9 Emissions from mobile source Europe USA & Canada Asia (million metric tons per year) SO2 emissions 2 Mobile sources are the major emitters of NO x,CO, particulates, and HC, and in addition contribute to SO x, lead and CO 2. Mobile sources contribution in Shanghai 1 CO HC NOx Current 75% 93% 44% 2010 94% 98% 75% Source: 1. SEI (2003); 2. www.wri.org 80 million tons 110 million tons

10. 10 Impacts of Air Pollution at Different Scales Indoor Urban Regional Global

11. 11 Health impacts of air pollution Scale of health impacts Indoor air pollution Urban air pollution Regional air pollution

12. 12 Health Costs of Air Pollution Asia 1 An estimated 487,000 premature deaths occur each year due to outdoor air pollution. China 2 Environmental and health costs of air pollution in China is about 7 % of GDP [budget deficit in 2003 = 3.3% of GDP] 5 Estimates shows that these costs could rise to 13% of China’s GDP by 2020 Bangkok Health cost of air pollution $640 million $800 million by 2020 Economic Implications of Health Impacts 4 Source: 1. WHO(2002); 2. State of the World 2003, World Watch Institute; 4. URBAIR project; 5. UN, 2004; 6: NIES, www.nies.go.jp Exposed to diesel exhaust 6 Exposed to clean air 6 Bangkok

13. 13 Costs of Air Pollution “An estimated 487,000 premature deaths in Asia occur each year due to outdoor air pollution” 1 “ A total of 3,547 persons were killed in international terrorist attacks in 2001” 2 Air pollution is becoming a major health threat in Asian cities 1. WHO (2002);2. USDoS(2002)

14. 14 Impact: water quantity Decreasing water table Increasing temperature Increasing supply to cities Decreasing supply to agriculture 105 million tons grain short fall (largest in the record) 2003 Need to produce 105 m tons (2003 short fall) 15 m tons (to feed 74 m people who was added in 2004) 2004 3 of the 4 warmest years on record came during the last 4 years 2004 projected to be the 5 th consecutive year in which the harvest falls short of consumption

15. 15 Impact: water quality Urban centers contribute more than 25% of the sewage in India 63% of population in Asia without access to clean water Infant mortality rates are 10 to 20 times higher in cities without adequate water and sanitation

16. 16 Import of Petroleum: burden on national budget Gasoline consumption trends in Shanghai, China 3 Total Asian Oil Consumption by 2010 (Barrel / Day) 1 Need to be imported from outside the region [18 – 24 million b/d] India spends over $3.5 billion on crude petroleum import annually 2. Source: 1. Harvard International Review (2003); 2. ESCAP Statistical Year Book 2002; 3. M.P. Walsh, US AEP 2000

17. 17 Global Primary Energy Use Source: 1. Volt Viewtech (www.energyloans.org)

18. 18 Emissions from residential areas ­ Average home emit more than twice as much carbon dioxide as the average car 1 Source: 1. Volt Viewtech (www.energyloans.org) 9,979 Kg of CO 2 /year 4,535 Kg of CO 2 / year

19. 19 Prevention: Turning the environmental degradation curve Economic development Environmental degradation Prevention measures such as renewable energy sources Business as usual scenario

20. 20 Prevention Vs Mitigation/rehabilitation Prevention Costs of damage Costs of implementation Mitigation Rehabilitation Today 99% efforts Prevention Mitigation Rehabilitation 99% effortsTomorrow Today & Tomorrow

21. 21 Hybrids Reduces CO 2 by 50% CO, HC and NO x by 90% below Japanese standards. Toyota Prius Hybrid Price: $20,810 MSRP Fuel efficiency: 23 Km / litre Saving: $5,000 over 15 years

22. 22 SOLVE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES H2OH2O ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSECONOMIC BENEFITS Hydrogen Energy SOCIAL BENEFITS water create domestic jobs electricity to remote areas which are not in the national power grid eliminate our dependence on foreign oil solve our balance of payments woes export opportunities solve our air pollution problems eliminate oil spills reduce noise pollution

23. 23 WATER RESOURCES IN NEPAL H2OH2O Nepal is reach in water resources and among the world’s top 5 countries in hydropower potential. 42,000MW 83,000MW Hydropower potential in Nepal Less than 1.2% of economic potential

24. 24 Prevention Technical measures Legal & financial MobilityHousing Technical measures Legal & financial

25. 25 Regional Expert Consultation Knowledge building and education Networking Demonstration Projects First Expert group meeting; 13 September 2005 3 groups were formed, and each of them are bringing out a white paper on it.

26. 26

27. 27 Objectives General Objective: promote eco-friendly buildings. Specific Objectives: 1.demonstrate the suitability and technological feasibility. 2.create awareness about the sustainability of eco- friendly buildings, leading to their wider acceptance and use.

28. 28 Demonstration Project: Scope i)Regional expert group ii)Develop generic designs for the different climatic zone and economic groups iii)Assist in constituting a National Task Force (NTF) iv)Design tailored to each of the selected countries v)Enhance the capacity of national technical committee vi)Assist in the construction in selected countries vii)Facilitate wider dissemination of the demonstrated concept viii)Promotion in other countries of the region

29. 29 Scope Phase 1: Development of guidelines and design Phase 2: Training and construction Phase 3: Evaluation and dissemination

30. 30 Phase 1: Development of Guidelines and Design 1.Generic guideline 2.National Inception workshop 3.Site specific guideline 4.Training selected local architects 5.Detailed design by the local architects 6.Review and finalization of the design

31. 31 Phase 2: Training and Construction 1.Identify builders for implementing the construction 2.Implement the demonstration project with participation of entrepreneurs and local stakeholders Site specific guideline 3.Training as appropriate

32. 32 Phase 3: Evaluation and Dissemination 1.Hand over the building to users 2.Select agency for upkeep and maintenance of the facilities 3.Evaluate the impacts of the project with respect to select indicators and make Scenarios for the future based on the project outcomes 4.Prepare a compendium on the results of the project and dissemination

33. 33 Potential Partners National Authority Implementing Agency Local Authorities Local architects Regional architects International Agency

34. 34 Implementation Arrangement National National Focal Points National Implementing Agencies National Task Force Regional Steering Committee Regional Expert group Guidance Technical input Actual construction

35. 35 Regional Training Programme MaldivesSri LankaIndonesia National WS Site Selection Regional Training Site Specific Design Site Specific Design Site Specific Design

36. 36 Thailand: Change of Policy on Sustainable Urbanization ECO-HOUSING In 2005, the Thai Cabinet approved a project for an eco-city, as a joint venture between the Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, Thailand and UNEP GREEN VEHICLES On July 27, 2004, the Cabinet approved a new vehicle excise tax structure to promote eco-friendly vehicles

37. 37 New vehicle excise tax structure in Thailand Old Tax (%) New Tax (%) Passenger Cars 0-2,000 cc 2,001-2,500 cc 2,501 – 3,000 cc >3,000 cc or >220hp 35 35,41 41 48 30 35 40 50 Energy saving vehicles Hybrid electric/electric powered / fuel cell powered 35 to 4810 Vehicles which use natural gas or fuel with at least 20% Ethanol mixed 35 to 4820 Source: www.krc.co.th

38. 38 Eco-Towns in Japan Reduce environmental impacts throughout the entire spectrum of activities Recycling not only within Individual industrial firms but also among the firms The Concept of Kawasaki Eco-Town Source: www.kawasaki-net.ne.jp