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Published byBaldwin Harmon Modified over 9 years ago
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Modes of Discourse
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Narrative Intention is to present an event to the reader- what happened and how it happened. May be... –Short or long –Factual or imagined –May instruct and inform, or simply divert and amuse.
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Expository Intention is to explain or expose something. ~ Function is to inform, to instruct, or to set forth ideas.
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Expository Can be broken into 7 categories 1. Definition 2. Description 3. Example 4. Comparison/Contrast 5. Process Analysis 6. Classification 7. Causal Analysis
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DEFINITION g Purpose: ©To set the boundaries, to delineate, to limit ©To determine the nature of ©To give the distinguishing characteristics of g Examples of definition questions: ©What is the law of the conservation of mass and energy? ©Explain loose connective tissue. ©What is the meaning of the term “value”? ©Define a sonnet.
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DESCRIPTION g Purpose: ©To give a detailed account of ©To picture in words ©To trace the outline of g Examples of description questions: ©Describe the anti-heroic qualities of Holden Caulfield in A Catcher in the Rye. ©What is the layout of the brain? ©Portray the situation of the Roman government at the time of Julius Caesar’s assassination. ©What is the layout of the brain? What does this layout have to do with evolution?
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EXAMPLE g Purpose: ©To select one thing to show the nature of the rest ©To describe a typical instance g Examples of example questions: ©Give an example of the use of first-person narrators in three of the stories we have read, and explain what the effect of the first-person narration is on each story. ©Illustrate how television advertisements often mislead the public. ©Discuss some of the disadvantages of advancing technology.
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COMPARISON/CONTRAST g Purpose: ©To point out similarities ©To point out differences g Examples of comparison/contrast questions: ©Compare the visual imagery used in Emily Dickinson’s “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” with that in D.H. Lawrence’s “The Snake.” ©Explain the differences in pecuniary income and psychic income. ©Contrast Christianity with Judaism ©Discuss the strategies of Spanish colonizers in contrast with those of English colonizers in the North America.
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PROCESS ANALYSIS g Purpose: ©To explain how a procedure is carried out ©To follow the system of operations in the production of something ©To follow an action from beginning to end g Examples of process analysis questions: ©How is a lipid formed? ©Explain how the heart beats. ©What are the stages of alcoholism? ©How does communication take place?
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CLASSIFICATION g Purpose: ©To categorize ©To arrange according to class or type g Examples of classification questions: ©List three types of specific neurotic reaction patterns and describe each briefly. ©What are the four forms of a protein? ©List three types of defense mechanisms and describe each briefly. ©According to transactional analysis, what are the types of psychological positions we can hold and how do these positions determine how we relate to others?
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CAUSAL ANALYSIS g Purpose: ©to describe how a result or consequence came about ©to show the relationship between a cause and an effect g Examples of causal analysis questions: ©What are causes of World War I? ©Why does one age? ©What are some effects of watching violence on television? ©How can eating too little fat cause one to gain weight?
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Argumentative Intention is to make the reader change his or her mind, attitude, point of view or feelings. ~ The terms “Argument” and “Persuasion” often used Interchangeably.
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Argumentative Argument -- aims to win readers’ agreement with an assertion or claim by engaging their powers of reasoning.
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Argumentative Persuasion – aims to influence readers’ action, or their support for an action, by engaging their beliefs and feelings.
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