1. Introduction to Herpes Viruses
Hugh B. Fackrell
Filename: Herpes1.ppt

3. Group characteristics Herpes simplex 1 Herpes simplex 2
Herpes Viruses
Group characteristics
Herpes simplex 1
Herpes simplex 2

5. VP26 Assembly in HSV-1 Capsid

6. Herpes Virus Outline Structure Classification Multiplication
Clinical manifestations
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Control
Baron’s Web Site

7. Herpes have a Unique Structure
dsDNA core
Iscadeltahedral protein capsid
amorphous tegument
lipid envelope with glycoproteins

8. Human Herpesvirus Subfamilies
herpesvirinae
Infect both vertebrate and non vertebrate
>100 types characterized
6 types infect humans

9. Bovine Herpes
Mammillitus

10. Short replicative cycle
Herpesvirinae
Human herpesvirus 1 -HHV1
Herpes simplex type 1-HSV1
Human Herpesvirus 2 -HHV2
Herpes simplex type 2 -HSV2
Short replicative cycle
Rapid cytopathology
Broad host range

11. Animations of HSV Receptor Binding
RNA Transcription in productive infection
Latent Infections
DNA Replication
Encapsidation and Release
Click here to view Dr. Ed. Wagner, superb series of animations on HSV on the internet

12. Herpes simplex virus

13. Herpes simplex virus
Isolated from a patient with shingles

14. Long replicative cycle
Herpesvirinae
Human Herpesvirus 5 -HHV5
Cytomegalovirus- CMV
Long replicative cycle
Restricted host range
Slow cytopathology

15. Cytomegalovirus

16. Herpesvirinae Very restricted host range Human Herpesvirus 4 HHV4
Epstein-Barr EBV or EB
Human Herpesvirus 6 -HHV6
Very restricted host range

18. Varicellavirus genus in herpesvirus family human herpesvirus 3 (HHV3)
varicella-zoster virus

19. Multiplication Genes replicated in specific order
Immediate early genes
regulatory proteins
Early genes
enzymes for replicating viral DNA
Late genes
structural proteins
Occurs in host cell nucleus

20. Latent Infections
ALL herpes viruses can establish latent infections. The viral genome may become incorporated into the host DNA or remain extrachromosomal
Latent viruses can be reactivated by stress, menstruation or uv light
Reactivation may be asymptomatic or lead to mild or severe disease.

21. Diagnosis Isolation of virus by tissue culture
herpevirinae cause cytopathic effects
intranuclear fluorescence of scrapings using fluorescent antibodies
PCR being developed
CMV retinitis is diagnosed clinically

22. Prevention of Herpesvirus
Vaccines
VZV vaccine being licensed
HSV1, HSV2, & CMV vaccines being developed
Passive immunization
pooled immunoglobulin
hyperimmune globulin

23. Anti-herpesvirus drugs
Idoxuridine- herpetic keratitis
Trifuridine-herpetic keratitis
Vidarabine - wide range of applications
Acylovir-wide range of applications
Ganciclovir -CMV

24. Herpes Simplex Viruses

25. Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex
HSV1 is transmitted by kissing or other contact with saliva
HSV2 is spread by sexual contact
HSV2 is spread nosocomially

26. Mucocutaneous infections caused by Herpes simplex
Gingivostomatis
Herpes simplex labialis (cold sores)
Genital herpes
Keratitis
Whitlows- health care workers
Herpes gladiatorum- wrestlers

27. Herpes simplex type 1 Herpes labialis.
cold sores or fever blisters. text: page 569.
2-12 day incubation period.
gingivostomatitis -- vesicles rupture.
latent virus in ganglia -- Herpetic keratoconjunctivitis -- ulcers can be identified by fluorescein staining.

28. Herpes simplex
Stomatitis

29. Herpes simplex

30. Herpes simplex
Stomatitis

31. Transmission: HSV1
Transmitted by direct contact such as kissing or fondling; very common with young children.
Good personal hygiene does curtail the transmission.

32. Treatment HSV1
The first drugs were used to treat conjunctivitis and keratitis
Iododeoxyuridine
trifluridine
adenine arabinoside
acyclovir

33. Treatment HSV1 Iododeoxyuridine: direct application to the cornea
Trifluridine, Keratitis: direct application
Adenine arabinoside: direct application to the cornea. Intravenously injected, it reduces mortality from herpes encephalitis.
Acyclovir: is now the drug of choice, is the least toxic. Can be used topically, orally and intravenously.

34. Genital Herpes HSV2
primary infection: vulva, vagina, cervix. glans penis, prepuce or penile shaft.
fever, malaise, anorexia, bilateral inguinal adenopathy.
sexually transmitted - highest rate among young adults.
Patients on immunosuppressive drugs

35. Neonatal Herpes Simplex
infants acquire the virus passing through the birth canal.
disseminated herpes - newborns; premature infants susceptible

36. Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

37. Treatment HSV2
Acyclovir does not cure the initial infection, but because it prevents the attachment of released virus from an infected cell, it ameliorates the disease. With aggressive treatment eventually the viruses disappear. It is not an effective cure for the latent stage.

38. Herpes simplex infection of egg membranes

39. Herpes Intranuclear inclusions

40. Herpes simplex Syncytia

41. Ctyopathic effect
Early
Late>