1. Mobile Devices Case/ p 71What are some of the benefits that organizations could realize by connecting all of their employees by mobile devices?
Provide “time” and “place” flexibility
Mobile sale forces could do product demonstrations, check inventory and place orders online real time while at the customer location.
Reduction of the time needed to locate other employees, especially when they are off-site.
Keep employees abreast of any important news when away on travel (conferences, meetings, presentations).
Increased available productive time, as constant connectivity allows for activities to be performed anytime anyplace.

2. Are the CIOs in the case saying that ROI is not important when deploying mobile computing devices?
the estimated benefits obtained by the adoption of these communication devices are large enough that outweigh cost considerations and thus displace formal ROI analyses and concerns.
This is what many have called “value” analysis which compares values to benefits as opposed to “cost” to benefits.

3. Blackberry popularity?
Single and integrated device for voice and data communications
Push technology – data is routed to the user rather than retrieved by the user
Operates in several different networks and countries
It is possible to view attachments
Design features: high-resolution color display, long battery life, improved keyboard, etc.
Integrated connectivity applications (SMS, browser, organizer)

4. Computer Software
Notes go here!

5. Learning Objectives
Describe several important trends occurring in computer software.
Give examples of major types of application and system software.
Explain the purpose of several popular software packages for end user productivity and collaborative computing.
Define and describe the functions of an operating system.
Describe the main uses of computer programming software, tools, and languages

6. Software
A single program or a collection of programs which performs many task and/or system related functions
Two types of software:
Application
System

7. Application Software Personal Information Manager Groupware
Organizational
Inter-organizational

8. Personal Information Manager and Groupware
Personal Information Manager (PIM)
Software for end user productivity and collaboration
Store information about clients, schedules, manage appointments, manage tasks
E.g., Lotus Organizer, Microsoft Outlook
Groupware
Software that helps workgroups collaborate on group assignments
, discussion groups, databases, videoconferencing
E.g., Lotus Notes, Novell GroupWise, Microsoft Exchange

9. Organizational & Inter-organizational
They assist typical organazational tasks
Payroll, TPS
ERP,CRM
Web-based management systems
Inter-organizational
They provide links or cooperation between organizations
B2B system
EDI, SCM

10. Overview of Computer Software
Application
Software
System
Software
PATIENTLY ALLOW TIME FOR ANIMATIONS TO WORK
Work through the chart dividing the applications family of software from system software
General
Purpose
Application
Programs
Application-
Specific
Programs
System
Management
Programs
System
Development
Programs

11. Software development Outsourced software Custom software
Software applications that are developed within an organization for use by that organization
COTS software
Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS)
Classify based on how it was developed
Software developed with the intention of selling the software in multiple copies
Outsourced software
Custom software: organization has full control on specifications, functionality, ownership
COTS: generally no control
Software is sold, leased or licensed

12. Software Development Selection
Why would you choose ?
Custom (in source)
COTS (off-the-shelf)
outsourced?

13. General-Purpose Application Programs
Software Suites and Integrated Packages
Oracle E-Business Suite
Programs
Microsoft
Office
Lotus
SmartSuite
Corel
WordPerfect
Sun
Star Office
Word
Excel
PowerPoint
Access
Outlook
WordPro
1-2-3
Freelance
Approach
Organizer
WordPerfect
Quattro Pro
Presentations
Paradox
Corel Central
StarWriter
StarCalc
StarImpress
StarBase
StarSchedule
Word
Processor
Spreadsheet
Presentation
Graphics
Database
Manager
Personal Info.
Compare and contrast software suites from integrated packages
Show how each competitive package seeks to meet the respective computing needs of users.
Some history on the evolution of the industry, its consolidation, mergers, and failures can offer significant insight into the reasons why the marketplace sees its investment in Microsoft’s products is a dependable one. As a result, the Microsoft package completely dominates the field – regardless of the goodness of competitive products or their lower prices.

14. Electronic Spreadsheets and Presentation Graphics
Worksheet of rows and columns
Used for calculations and charts
E.g., Lotus 1-2-3, Microsoft Excel, Corel QuattroPro
Presentation Graphics
Convert numeric data into graphics displays
Prepare multimedia presentations including graphics, photos, animation, and video clips
E.g., Microsoft PowerPoint, Lotus Freelance, Corel Presentations

15. General-Purpose Application Programs
Web Browsers
Electronic Mail and Instant Messaging (IM)
Word Processing and Desktop Publishing
Electronic Spreadsheets
Database Management
Presentation Graphics
Personal Information Managers
Groupware – Collaboration Software
Describe the use of Web browsers – the nature of the competitive market for what is essentially a “free” good.
Trace Web navigation’s history – How Netscape grew from Government research at the NCSC and its general failure in an effort to seek to put a market price on the Mosaic product that is still being freely distributed.
AOL’s failure to do likewise gave rise to the call for activist judges and politicians to seek antitrust action against Microsoft for its inclusion of IE into the operating system family of programs – all ended in essentially a failure to cut Microsoft’s dominance.

16. General-Purpose Application Programs
Application Service Providers (ASPs)
Discuss the use of application service providers (ASPs) as an alternative to the cost associated with purchasing and maintaining software.
Many firms exist that provide software directed toward problem resolution as opposed to generic applications-for example, the Salesforce.com ASP site.

17. System Software: Computer System Management
Software Interface Between End Users and Computers
End Users
Application Software
System Software
Computer
Hardware
PATIENTLY ALLOW TIME FOR ANIMATIONS TO WORK
The model demonstrates the relationship between end users and the computer hardware by way of its respective software applications.

18. System Software
Operating Systems
Utility software
Network Software

19. Operating Systems The User Interface Command-Driven Menu-Driven
Graphical User Interface
Lead a discussion on the alternative kinds of user interfaces.
A bit of history into the evolution of the GUI is usually interesting to new students.

20. OS contain two parts Supervisory Transient Stays in main memory
Can be swapped back and forth from secondary memory

21. Operating Systems User Interface End User Systems and Network
Communications
Resource
Management
Task
Management
File
Management
Utilities
and Other
Functions
PATIENTLY ALLOW TIME FOR ANIMATIONS TO WORK
Operating Systems are broken down into the four primary roles or duties that they perform.
Managing
the Use of
Hardware
Resources
Managing the
Accomplishment
Of Tasks –
Managing
Data and
Program
Files
Providing
a Variety of
Support
Services

22. Operating Systems Resource Management File Management Task Management
Virtual Memory
File Management
Task Management
Multitasking,
Multiprocessing
Multi-user programming
Compare and contrast alternative Windows based Operating Systems.
Some history of the evolution of the environment usually adds interest to the discussion.

23. Popular Operating Systems
Windows
GUI, multitasking, networking, multimedia
Microsoft’s operating system
Different versions manage servers
Vista
Windows XP
Windows NT
Windows Server 2003
Windows 2000
Unix
Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing
Portable – can run on mainframes, midrange and PCs
Solaris by Sun
AIX by IBM

24. Popular Operating Systems
Linux
Low-cost, powerful reliable Unix-like operating system
Open-source
Free
Freeware
Novell SUSE Linux
Red Hat
VA Linux
MAC OS X
Apple operating system for the iMac
GUI, multitasking, multimedia

25. Programming Languages
Machine Languages
Use Binary Coded Instructions
1010
1011
1100
11001
11010
11011
Assembler Languages
Explain programming languages and discuss the examples above in machine and assembler languages.
Explain the advantages of each.
Use Symbolic Coded Instructions
LOD Y
ADD Z
STR X

26. Programming Languages
High-Level Languages
Use Brief Statements or Arithmetic
BASIC: X = Y + Z
COBOL: COMPUTE X = Y + Z
Fourth-Generation Languages
Describe the high level and fourth generation languages shown above.
Explain how higher level languages are designed to approach the natural human interface.
Use Natural and Nonprocedural
Statements
SUM THE FOLLOWING NUMBERS

27. Objects What are objects?
Is a “complete” unit including data and procedures

28. Programming Languages
Object-Oriented Languages
Withdraw
(amount)
Calculate
Interest
Print Monthly
Statement
Current
Account
Balance
PATIENTLY ALLOW TIME FOR ANIMATIONS TO WORK
Use the above text graphic to explain how each activity is handled as an object in object oriented languages.
Balance
Get
Get
Owner
Deposit
(amount)
Savings Account Object

29. Object-orientedProgramming Languages
Web Languages and Services
HTML
XML
JAVA
Platform Independence
Program Applets
JAVA2 Enterprise Edition
Microsoft .NET Software
Discuss the evolution of Web programming languages since the advent of HTML.
Explain the role that platform independent plays in the popular evolution of newer programming languages, JAVA is just one example.

30. Language Translator Programs
Translate instructions written in programming languages into machine language
Assembler
translates assembler language statements
Compiler
translates high-level language statements
Interpreter
compiler that translates and executes each statement in a program one at a time
Assemblers and Compilers translate an entire program at once.
Java applets can be interpreted and executed on-the-fly

31. Errors (Bugs)
Logical
Syntax
Execution

32. E-mail, Instant Messaging and Weblogs
Software to communicate by sending and receiving messages and attachments via the Internet, intranet or extranet
Instant messaging (IM)
Receive electronic messages instantly
Weblog or blog
A personal website in dated log format
Updated with new information about a subject or range of subjects
Myspace

33. Programming Languages
J2EE and .NET Compared
The text chart taken from Computer World magazine compares the J2EE and .Net and .Net Environments, citing real advantages and disadvantages of each.

34. Program Development Process
Determine Program specs
Work with users
I/O layout
Processing requirements
Use Program Planning Tools
Analyze the problem using
Flow Charts
Pseudo code
Structured charts
CASE tools

35. Programming Development Process
Code and enter Program
Code program’s logic into programming language
Compile the program
Test for errors (syntax, run execution)
Test the program for correctness (GIGO)
Processing
Robustness
Documentation

36. FLOW CHARTS Symbolic representation of program’s logic
Pre defined symbols are used to analyze program’s logic

37. Programming Logic
Sequence
Selection
Looping (Iteration)

38. Develop program logic of withdrawing cash from ATM machine

39. Programming Languages
Web Services Applications
Uses UDDI Web Services
Directory to Locate Desired
Web Service
Web Services is Translated
to XML, Which Acts as a
Platform-Neutral Wrapper
Client Application
PATIENTLY ALLOW TIME FOR ANIMATIONS TO WORK
The animated graphic above demonstrates the steps through which a Web services application is able to meet the needs of a client using the Internet.
Web Service Components
Communicate Via SOAP,
an XML-Based Protocol for
Connecting Applications
and Data
Web Service is Delivered
Back to Client in XML

40. Case 2/p128

41. Mini Case 1: Delta, Lufthansa etc..
Computer system technologies and functions that are included with self-service kiosks are
Networked special purpose microcomputer terminals, which include video touch screens as the user interface, along with a built in
High speed thermal printer for flight itineraries and boarding passes.
A magnetic stripe card reader that is used to read customers airline and credit cards.
Connected to credit companies and bank’s databases
Integrated with airline’s internal application system

42. Delta, Northwest cont Possible other technologies
Connect with federal databases for customer identification
Speech recognition devices
Pen-based handwriting recognition features
Wireless links for travels with PDAs and Internet-enabled cellular and PCS phones.
Image recognition.
Identification recognition (fingerprints etc.)

43. The customer value of self service kiosks for airline check-ins is:
Customer More Control
Upgrades
Seat selection
Change flights/seat
Check baggage
Stand by
Less people interaction – for the introverted/misanthropic the reduction in face-to-face interaction can sometimes be beneficial
Time savings
Convenience
Family check-ins
Pay by credit card any upgrade/change etc.

44. Possible other services
Gate readers to update itineraries and boarding passes for connecting passengers whose second flight was changed or cancelled due to weather or other delays.
International documentation, facilitation and fee collection.
Thump print recognition
Cancel reservations and be credited or debited automatically
For international flights provide foreign ATM connections
Provide initial or supplement security screening using retina scans and marking boarding cards
Provide “alerts” on customer’s mobile for flight boarding (especially if they are missing or sleeping)
Connect to hotels to allow hotel check ins
Connect to car rental agencies for car rental agreementsMore specialized kiosks to allow travelers opportunity to handle future travel plans, adjustments as schedules change and other accommodations upon arrival at a destination.
Automatic update mileage etc.

45. The business value of self service kiosks in the airline industry is the fact that
Importance of JAD (joint application Development), how technical and business team can work together and complement each other and arrive at “solutions”
A win-win situation for both customers and businesses
Creation of a whole “new” platform on which to provide additional products/services that can provide strategic advantages
Help the bottom line
Economy of scales---Strategic partnership with other airlines for check-ins just like ORBITZ, TRAVELOCITY etc
Enhance customer goodwill (satisfied customer)

46. Still a strategic advantage?
Maybe, not any more
Kiosk were competitive advantages when they started probably around Airlines offered miles to customers to use kiosk but now they are a necessity.
Many airlines still can not afford it
However, Continuous improvements can still provide competitive advantage
Continuous improvement and streamlining of traveler check-in activities, especially after Sept. 11, will always be provide advantage.
A reduction of costs or a reduction in the increase in costs in a highly competitive industry will always provide advantage.
Continuous enhancement of customer goodwill will always be strategic:
Online entertainment (casino, massage, card games etc..) may provide some advantage, especially on international flights
Alter customer arrival to their home/business