1. Evaporative Emission Control for Gasoline Boat Fuel Systems Mike Samulski U.S. Environmental Protection Agency International Boatbuilders’ Exhibition & Conference October 20, 2005

2. 2 Evaporative Emissions from Boats Refueling and spillageDiurnal, hot soak, and running loss Permeation through fuel tank and hoses

3. 3 EPA’s Role Clean Air Act (amended 1990) – section 213 applies to nonroad engines/equipment – “...greatest degree of emission reduction achievable through the application of technology...” – consider cost, lead time, safety, energy Past Efforts – implemented exhaust emission standards for the majority of nonroad engines – evaporative emission standards for some applications recreational vehicles, Large SI (>25 hp) – originally proposed evaporative emission standards for marine in August 2002, but have not finalized

4. 4 Rulemaking Plans Scope – exhaust and evaporative emissions – gasoline-powered engines/vessels – build on 2002 NPRM Schedule – anticipate proposal this spring – final rule ~ 1 year later Marine Evaporative Emissions – tank permeation – hose permeation – diurnal breathing losses

5. 5 Rulemaking Process gather information meet with stakeholders Pre- Proposal NPRM Public Comment Implement FRM public hearing written comment period publish “Notice of Proposed Rulemaking” publish “Final Rulemaking” lead time certification

6. 6 Tank Permeation Control High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) – portable, PWC, and some installed fuel tanks – fluorination, sulfonation, Selar, multi-layer, alternative materials Cross-Link PE – installed fuel tanks (low volume production) – barrier coating, multi-layer roto-molding, alternative materials, alternative constructions Fiberglass – built-in installed fuel tanks – multi-layer construction (Metal does not permeate)

7. 7 Hose Permeation Control Multi-layer fuel hose – barriers used today in non-marine applications (Teflon, THV, FKM, etc.) – marine barrier hose available as well – can add barriers to current marine constructions – > 95% reduction in permeation possible Evaluating contribution of vapor versus fuel hose rubber barrier layer cover reinforcement

8. 8 Diurnal Breathing Loss Control Portable fuel tanks – currently have manual seal without pressure relief – could use self sealing caps (1 way valve) PWC – already have sealed systems with pressure relief valves – 1 psi ~ 50% reduction in-use from an open system Larger fuel tanks – carbon canister in vent line > 60% reduction with passive purge negligible back-pressure – other technologies include bladder fuel tanks active purge canisters

9. 9 Other Evaporative Emissions Venting emissions – running loss, hot soak, effusion – also reduced somewhat by diurnal control systems Refueling emissions – vapor displacement – spillage both air and water pollution issue could be reduced through fuel system design configure fill neck for fuel shut-off before overflow valve to prevent liquid fuel from entering vent line

10. 10 Questions? Mike Samulski samulski.michael@epa.gov www.epa.gov/otaq/marinesi.htm