1. Chapter 10: Cinema in Multiple Contexts This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

2. Animation ä 2D Animation standard developed in 1914 ä Characters drawn on cells ä Placed overtop a painted background ä Lacks 3D depth information ä Very few light and shadow effects Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

3. Animation - DISNEY ä First feature length cartoon ä Snow White and the Seven Dwarves (1937) ä Multiplane camera in 1930 ä Creates depth effects ä Motion perspective ä Method for animating realistic shadows Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

4. Animation ä Combining live action with 2D animation ä Rotoscope (1917) ä Camera and projector ä Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

5. Animation ä 3D Animation ä Stop-Motion animation ä Puppets and real models ä Digital Animation since 1990s ä characters created as models inside 3D computer space ä Same visual effects available as live action ä Virtual Camera ä Key Frames ä Performance capture Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

6. Documentary ä Fact and fiction in the documentary ä Advocacy ä Lacks objectivity ä Farenheit 9/11 ä Visual Poetry ä Poetic and expressive properties of the cinema ä Winged Migration (2001), The Man With a Movie Camera ä Direct Cinema ä Minimizes filmmaker’s overt manipulation of the camera ä Highly mobile cameras and synchronized sound recorders ä Frederick Wiseman ä Capturing the Friedmans – illustrates that direct cinema does not provide unfiltered, objective portrait Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

7. Independent Film ä How do we define independent film? ä Production companies ä Film Festivals ä Filmmakers Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

8. Independent Film ä Production companies: ä Major’s Subsidiaries ä Miramax ä Fox Searchlight ä Sony Pictures Classics ä Focus Features ä Some Unaffiliated Indies: ä Lion’s Gate ä Icon Productions ä IFC Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

9. Independent Film ä MIRAMAX ä Bob and Harvey Weinstein ä Sex, Lies, and Videotape (1989) ä Often regarded as the beginning of the Modern Independent film era ä Acquired by Disney in 1993 ä Weinsteins leave in 2005 ä Films include: ä Quentin Tarantino’s films ä The Crying Game (1992) ä In the Bedroom (2001) ä House of Sand and Fog (2004) ä Sin City (2005) Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

10. Independent Film ä Festivals ä Compete for slots ä Attract distributors ä Provide a public expression of passion and enthusiasm of filmmakers ä Provide outlet for viewers tired of mainstream film ä Sundance Film Festival ä Robert Redford, 1986 ä Toronto International Film Festival ä Telluride Film Festival Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

11. Independent Film ä Filmmakers ä Quentin Tarantino ä Joel and Ethan Coen ä John Sayles ä Working with the Majors ä Resources ä Creative control may diminish ä Robert Rodriguez ä Steven Soderberg ä Christopher Nolan Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

12. International Film ä Active foreign industries ä Foreign Film “Hits” ä Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) ä Hero (2002) ä City of God (2002) ä The Sea Inside (2004) ä The Motorcycle Diaries (2004) Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

13. International Film ä Categories of Filmmakers ä Working in the Hollywood industry ä Huge Resources ä Risk of losing artistic bearing ä Alternating Between Hollywood and Home ä Mix creative freedom and connection with cultural roots with Hollywood resources ä International financing ä Staying away from Hollywood ä Choose to stay close to roots and the culture they feel connected to – ex: Pedro Almodovar Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

14. International Film ä Golden age of Foreign Film ä 1950s and 1960s ä Art film ä Ingmar Bergman ä Satyajit Ray ä Akira Kurosawa ä Michelangelo Antonioni ä Federico Fellini ä French New Wave ä Cinephilia Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

15. Women in Film ä Changes and opportunities in Hollywood ä Difficult to sustain a career ä Actors ä Filmmakers ä Production Executives and Personnel Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

16. Women in Film ä Actors ä Tend to have relatively short careers ä Age – youth centered demographics ä Sustaining a career after a breakthrough ä Lack of roles for front-rank female stars ä Hollywood of the past Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

17. Women in Film ä Filmmakers ä Rarely direct blockbusters ä Independent film/outside of the majors ä Film work with other media ä Uncertain prospects for subsequent projects Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

18. Women in Film ä Possibility of more sustained career as: ä Production Executives ä Producers ä Studio Executives ä Broad range of films – action to character dramas ä Production personnel ä Editors Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

19. African American Film ä Directors ä No African American Directors in Hollywood before 1990 ä Spike Lee ä John Singleton ä Variety of projects aimed at different audiences Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

20. African American Film ä Actors ä New, strong presence in Hollywood ä Academy Awards ä Denzel Washington ä Halle Berry Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

21. African American Film ä Segregated Industry ä The Birth of a Nation ä Established stereotyped roles ä Led to the emergence of a an African American film industry ä African American Film Industry ä The Lincoln Motion Picture Company ä The Ebony Motion Picture Company ä Oscar Micheaux Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

22. African American Film ä The Hollywood Era ä Small supporting roles, often demeaning ä For the most part the films of this era centered on white characters living in a white world ä Sidney Poitier ä Nothing But a Man Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007

23. African American Film ä “Blaxploitation” ä Offered an angrier, more aggressive set of characters ä Controversial portrayals of African Americans ä The first flourishing of African American themed films since Micheaux’s era Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2007