1. Italian Language and Culture Past and Present

2. Architecture Roman architectural idioms of arches, columns and domes - foundations of later Italian architecture The Romanesque style (9th to 11th century) The Renaissance style (the late 14th to the 16th c) The baroque style and Palladianism (16th - 17th c) Neoclassical style (18th -19th c)

3. Architecture Romanesque because plenty of Roman architectural elements were used - Roman arches, stained glass and carved columns. Bitono, Bari, Puglia

4. Architecture Roman Arches Stained glass

5. Architecture The Renaissance The revival of the ‘golden age’ - ancient Rome Fillipo Brunelleschi built the largest dome for the Florence cathedral since Roman times.

6. Architecture Basillica di Sant’Andrea at Mantua designed by Leon Battista Alberti

7. Architecture Basilica di San Pietro at Rome designed by Michelangelo and Bramante

8. Architecture Paradianism Buildings by Andrea Palladio La Rotonda in Vicenza (1570)

9. Square building which looks the same from every side. At the centre there is a dome. On every side there is a portico like a Roman temple.

10. Architecture 16 July, Erez Golani Solomon The Ideal Villa: Legacy of Andrea Palladio

11. Literature Italian literature; literature written in the Italian language since the 14 th century. Written in Latin before Dante Alighieri (1265- 1321) The Divine Comedy (1304-7)

12. Literature Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita mi ritrovai per una selva oscura, ché la diritta via era smarrita In the middle of the journey of our life I found myself in a dark wood, for the straight way was lost.

13. Literature Francesco Petrarch Completed ‘sonnet’ form – 14 lines with distinctive rhyming patterns Love sonnets Influenced on all European poets

14. Literature Giovanni Boccacio Decameron (1348-53) a prose collection of 100 stories told by 10 narrators

15. Drama Comedia del arte – a form of theatre characterized by masked ‘types’ begun in the 16 th century Emergence of actress, improvised performance based on sketches or scnearios.

16. Drama 18 June Takeo Fujikura Italian Mime and Clown: Comedia del Arte

17. Literauture Gabrielle D’Annunzio Man of action, nationalist, literary virtuoso, aesthete, and exhibitionist Life and art was a blend of Jacob Burckhardt’s ‘complete man’ and Nietzsche’s ‘superman’

18. Literature Yukio Mishima enormously influenced by D’Annunzio not only in literature but also in life Nationalist, aesthete, exhibitionist, and literary virtuoso.

19. Literature Literary connection between Italy and Japan Love of translated literature in Italy Over the half of the fictions published are translations 16 April Alessandro Gerevini, The Reception of Japanese Fictions in Italy

20. Literature Italo Calvino (1923 Cuba – 1985 Siena) Journalist, short- story writer and novelist Imaginative and whimsical fables made him one of the most important 20 th century writer. 4 June, Italian Fairy Tales and Italo Calvino

21. Art Giotto – the first artist who painted people, nature and action realistically. In the frescos in churches of Assisi, Florence, Padua and Rome, he created life like figures showing real emotions

22. Giotto

25. Art The Renaissance (from the late 1400s to the early 1500s) dominated by Michelangelo, Raphael and Leonardo. Michelangelo; sculptor, painter, and poet The greatest sculptor in history Master of portraying the human figure

26. Michelangelo

31. Raphael Raphael’s paintings are softer, gentler, more poetic, and harmonious. Impeccable composition and perfect perspective Delicate ‘Madonna’ paintings with young Jesus and his cousin John the Baptist

32. Raphael

37. Leonardo Leonardo, painter and natural scientist He embodied the Renaissance spirit of learning and intellectual curiosity

38. Leonardo

41. Art Michelangelo di Meresi da Caravaggio Baroque paintings combine the realistic observation of human state, both physical and emotional, with dramatic use of lighting

42. Caravaggio 14 May, Norimasa Morita, Michelangelo Meresi da Caravaggio: a Revolutionary Artist

43. Art Italian modernist art in the early 20th century Giorgio di Chirico Futurism Metaphysical Art 7 May, Helena Chapkova, Italian Modernist Art

44. Music Italian music – one of Europe’s supreme expressions of the art Gregorian chants – the innovation of modern musical notation in the 11th century Dies irae – the Second Coming of Christ and JudgementDies irae

45. Music Troubadour and the madrigal Palestrina’s polyphonic church music and Monteverdi’s religious and secular music and operas Great Italian music tradition

46. Music Italian Baroque music Creation of rich tonality, elaborate musical ornamentation, new instrumental playing techniques Vivaldi, Scarlatti, Corelli, Marcello Oboe concerto

47. Music Italy – birth place of opera Opera was born around 1600 combination of singing, acting, orchestral music, acting and dance Recitativo (dialogue) and aria (song)

48. Music Opera of the Golden Age Opera of Romantic Period in the 19th c Gioacchino Rossini, Vincenzo Bellini, Gaetano Donizetti & Giacomo Puccini La Boheme; DuetDuet

49. Music Giuseppe Verdi (1813- 1901) 23 April, Seishiro Niwa Social Background of the Birth of Opera Aida, Triumphant MarchTriumphant March