1. I NDUS V ALLEY C IVILIZATIONS

2. F OCUS Q UESTION Write a paragraph explaining what the most important social development of the Paleolithic age was… The most important social development of the Paleolithic period is …

4. I NDUS C IVILIZATION This civilization began between 3000BCE & 1500BCE. Major cities emerged along the Indus and Ganges Rivers.

6. G EOGRAPHY : To the North were the Himalaya and Hindu- Kush Mts. The major Rivers were the Indus and Ganges. The pass through the Mts. was called Khyber pass. And the seasonal winds that blow cold dry air in the winter & warm wet rainy periods during spring and summer is called monsoons.

8. I NDUS R IVER

9. H ARAPPA & M OHENJO -D ARO Two of the largest cities in the Indian Sub- continent were Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro. Both Harappa & Mohenjo-Daro had around 35000- 40,000 people. They were very well organized cities laid out in a grid like pattern that ran North, South East and West. In addition they had running water, clay pipes, two and 3 story homes built with standard sized oven fired bricks. They had bathrooms, sewer system, garbage disposals, trash men and other city workers.

10. H ARAPPA - P UBLIC W ELL

13. K EY DEVELOPMENTS : Grid like streets Standard sized oven fired bricks Clay pipes, and clay trade seals Running water Sewage system Garbage disposals & trash workers

15. W HAT HAPPEN TO THEM ? Around 1500 BCE a group known as the Aryans invaded the Indus Valley Many were killed. Some escaped to the mountains. Many were captured & made slaves of the Aryan invaders. Invasion by Aryans from Hindu Kush.