1. Animal Cells Contains the cell DNA and controls the cells function.
A jelly–like fluid where many chemical processes happen.
The membrane controls the movement of chemicals in out of the cell.

2. Plant Cells Sugar and salts are stored in the vacuole.
cell membrane
nucleus
cell wall
vacuole
cytoplasm
chloroplasts
Sugar and salts are stored in the vacuole.
The cell wall gives the plant support.
Light and carbon dioxide are combined to form sugars.

3. Animal and Plant Cells
cell membrane
nucleus
cell wall
vacuole
cytoplasm
chloroplasts
Plant and animal cells share many physical characteristics such as a nucleus, cytoplasm and a membrane. Plant cells have chloroplasts that help change sunlight into energy.

4. Onion Cells
This photograph of a stained layer of onion clearly shows the nuclei and cell walls.

5. Leaf Cells
The epidermal tissue is a thin layer of cells that allow light through into the leaf.
The light is absorbed in the chloroplasts contained in the palisade cells and sugar is made.
The cells in the spongy tissue also contain chloroplasts where light is absorbed and simple sugars are made.

6. Specialised Cells
There are many different types of cells in the body. Each different type of cell has its own specialised function.
Muscle cells are grouped together to form muscle tissue. These cells can contract and expand to help move our limbs.
Red blood cells float around in our blood and carry oxygen to all our cells, keeping them alive.

7. Specialised Cells
Nerve have long extensions coming from them that carry electrical messages around the body giving the sensation of touch and controlling organs.
White blood cells, shown as WBC in the photo, surround germ cells that enter the body and kill them

8. Specialised Cells Sperm Cells Egg Cells A Zygote
In animals (such as humans) the male sex cells are called sperm and the female sex cells are called eggs. When a sperm cell meets and combines with an egg, a new cell called a ‘Zygote’ is made. A zygote is the beginning of a new human being.

9. Flowering Plants Compare this diagram with the photo
The flower is the reproductive organ of flowering plants. Flowers have both a male part and a female part which normally mature at different times so that the flower does not reproduce itself (asexual reproduction)

10. Parts of a Flower
The anther is the male part where pollen is produced.
Stigma is the female part, it has a sticky surface that traps pollen.
The ovary contains the female sex cell.
The ovule is the female sex cell

11. Pollination
Pollination occurs when the pollen grains from the anther are carried to the stigma of another flower or the same flower.
This picture shows two types of pollination: Self-pollination and cross pollination.

12. Fertilisation
When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a suitable flower it begins to grow a pollen tube. Once this pollen tube reaches the ovary the male sex cell is released from the pollen grain and travels down the tube towards an ovule. Fertilisation takes place when the male sex cell reaches the female sex cell contained in the ovule. The seed of another plant is then created.

13. Seed Dispersal (Scattering)
The seeds from a dandelion and a sycamore tree are dispersed by the wind.
The seeds from a fruit are dispersed by animals.
The seeds from a pea plant are dispersed when the pod bursts.
The seeds from a coconut tree are dispersed by water.

14. Seed Growth
A seed will begin to grow ‘germinate’ under the right conditions. The right conditions are normally, moisture, a warm enough temperature and air.
The food store within the seed is used to grow roots (for moisture and air) and a shoot which sprouts leaves when it leaves the soil.

15. Reproduction in Animals
The male sex cells are called
Sperm
The female sex cells are called
Eggs
Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Tail
Nucleus
Membrane
Cytoplasm

16. Fertilisation in Animals
In order for fertilisation to take place in animals, one of the sperm produced by the male must reach one of the egg cells produced in the female body.

17. Fertilisation in Animals Once fertilisation has taken place, the new cell (which is called a zygote) starts to divide, multiply and grow in size, eventually producing a new baby.

18. Growth of an Unborn Baby The baby spends around 9 months growing in the womb until it is time for it to be born. At birth the baby will normally be 9 months old.

19. Female Reproductive Organs

20. Male Reproductive Organs