1. WELCOME SAILORS! SPRING SOCIAL AND RACE SEMINAR OFFERED BY THE RACE COMMITTEE OF THE FREDERICTON YACHT CLUB

2. AGENDA THE 2015 RACE CALENDAR – DARRYL MACKENZIE CRUISE ‘15 – MIKE MACDONALD FYC RACE PROTOCOLS AND PROCEDURES – ANDREW JEFFERIES A PRIMER ON RACE RULES – DAVID MACNEIL HOW FYC HANDICAPPING WORKS – STEVE FLOYD TRIMMING TO WIN – JOHN MCKINNEY

3. 2015 RACE CALENDAR JUNE SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 123456 78910111213 14151617181920 Series 1 Race 1 Grand Lake Premier 21222324252627 Series 1 Race 2 Club Cruise 282930 Club Cruise

4. 2015 RACE CALENDAR JULY SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 1234 Raper MemorialClub Cruise Bulletproof Solutions Race 567891011 Club Cruise Series 1 Race 3 12131415161718 Series 1 Race 4 Joy of Framing 19202122232425 Joy of Framing Series 1 Race 5 262728293031 Series 1 Race 6

5. 2015 RACE CALENDAR AUGUST SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 1 Flowers’ Cove 2345678 Make-up Race or Early Start to Series 2 9101112131415 Series 2 Race 1 Fairway Insurance 16171819202122 Series 2 Race 2 23242526272829 Series 2 Race 3 3031

6. 2015 RACE CALENDAR SEPTEMBER SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 12345 Series 2 Race 4 L & A Cup 6789101112 Series 2 Race 5 13141516171819 Series 2 Race 6 Sunset Season Finale 20212223242526 27282930

8. RACE PROTOCOL AND PROCEDURES IE. SHOWING UP ON TIME AND GETTING ON THE RIGHT COURSE

9. RACE TIMES WEDNESDAY RACES TIP: AIM TO HAVE YOUR SAILS UP AND REEFING DONE FOR 5:45 SO YOU AREN’T RUSHING 6PM - VIRTUAL SKIPPERS MEETING – ON VHF CHANNEL 71 6:15 - “FIRST GUN” (5 MINUTE WARNING) 6:20 – FIRST FLEET STARTS 6:25 – SECOND FLEET STARTS 6:30 – THIRD FLEET STARTS (IE., THE “JUSTIFIED” START) WEEKEND RACES SKIPPERS MEETING ON THE DOCK AT NOON START TIMES DESCRIBED AT THE MEETING

10. CANCELLATIONS RACES CANCELLED BY RACE SUB-COMMITTEE IF CONDITIONS HAZARDOUS AND/OR IF WINDS SUSTAINED GREATER THAN 25 KNOTS IF THE FORECAST IS PARTICULARLY BAD THE RACE MAY BE CANCELLED MID-DAY. WATCH FACEBOOK FOR UPDATES. RACES ARE RAIN OR SHINE. TRY GOING OUT IN THE RAIN. IT’S FUN!

11. FLEETS THERE ARE USUALLY 3 FLEETS. THEY ARE USED TO KEEP SIMILAR BOATS SAILING TOGETHER THE USUAL FLEETS ARE: BOATS UP TO 32’ BOATS ABOVE 32’ FAST BOATS (IE., THE JUSTIFIED FLEET) YOU CAN CHOOSE TO START IN ANY FLEET, JUST TELL THE RACE COORDINATOR DURING THE SKIPPERS MEETING (IE., ON CHANNEL 71)

12. COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALS PRE-RACE – ALL COMMUNICATION ON CHANNEL 71 STARTING 5 MINUTE WARNING FOR FIRST FLEET – 1 BLAST FROM AIR HORN START – 1 BLAST FROM AIR HORN FINISHING – CALL IN WHEN YOU ARE APPROACHING THE LINE AND AGAIN WHEN YOU CROSS THE LINE. CHANNEL 71 EX. WHEN APPROX. 30 SECONDS OUT “SHACKLETON APPROACHING” WHEN CROSSING “SHACKLETON OVER”

13. COURSES TRIANGLES HOTDOGS BERMUDA START TO FLOWERS COVE OTHER…. COURSES DESCRIBED DURING SKIPPERS MEETING. DON’T BE AFRAID TO ASK FOR CLARIFICATION

14. INTRODUCTION TO THE SAILBOAT RACING RULES PETER WINKELSTEIN REVISED 6/17/2011 COPYRIGHT 2005, 2006, 2011 PETER WINKELSTEIN PERMISSION IS GRANTED TO REPRODUCE FREELY WITH THE CONDITION THAT THIS SLIDE IS DUPLICATED IN ITS ENTIRETY

15. INTRODUCTION IS UNCERTAINTY ABOUT THE RULES KEEPING YOU FROM RACING? DON’T LET IT! KNOWING JUST A FEW BASIC RULES WILL TAKE CARE OF ALMOST ALL OF THE SITUATIONS ON THE RACE COURSE. THIS PRESENTATION GIVES YOU THOSE BASICS. JOIN THE FLEET ON GRAND LAKE !

16. OVERVIEW BASIC RULES EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW PASSING SITUATIONS MEETING SITUATIONS MARK ROUNDINGS

17. BASIC TERMINOLOGY STARBOARD: THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE BOAT PORT: THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BOAT WINDWARD: CLOSEST TO WIND LEEWARD: FARTHER AWAY FROM THE WIND

18. BASIC RULES 1 A BOAT ON STARBOARD TACK HAS RIGHT OF WAY OVER A PORT TACK BOAT wind Starboard!

19. BASIC RULES 2 A BOAT TO LEEWARD HAS RIGHT OF WAY OVER A WINDWARD BOAT ON THE SAME TACK wind

20. BASIC RULES 3 WHEN ROUNDING A WINDWARD MARK, AN INSIDE BOAT ON THE SAME TACK MUST BE GIVEN ROOM mark wind Room!

21. BASIC RULES 4 WHEN ROUNDING A LEEWARD MARK, AN INSIDE BOAT MUST ALWAYS BE GIVEN ROOM mark wind Room!

22. BASIC RULES 5 A BOAT WHICH IS TACKING MUST KEEP CLEAR OF ONE THAT IS NOT A BOAT CLEAR ASTERN MUST KEEP CLEAR OF BOAT AHEAD WHEN A RIGHT-OF-WAY BOAT CHANGES COURSE, SHE MUST GIVE OTHER BOATS ROOM TO KEEP CLEAR

23. TACKING WHILE A BOAT IS TACKING, FROM THE TIME SHE PASSES HEAD TO WIND (IRONS) UNTIL SHE REACHES A CLOSE HAULED COURSE, SHE SHALL KEEP CLEAR OF OTHER BOATS WHO ARE NOT TACKING IN THE SCENARIOS BELOW, BOTH RED AND GREEN ARE ON PORT TACK. IN SCENARIO 1, GREEN WISHES TO TACK. HOWEVER, BECAUSE THEY ARE SO CLOSE, GREEN WILL NOT BE ABLE TO COMPLETE HER TACK WITHOUT HITTING RED. IN SCENARIO 2, GREEN MAY TACK BECAUSE THE BOATS ARE FAR ENOUGH APART WHERE GREEN CAN COMPLETE HER TACK WITHOUT COMING INTO CONTACT WITH RED. ONCE GREEN COMPLETES HER TACK, SHE WILL BE ON STARBOARD AND RED MUST THEREFORE KEEP CLEAR. 12

24. BASIC RULES 6 WHAT DO I DO IF I BREAK A RULE? IF YOU BREAK A RIGHT-OF-WAY RULE, YOU MUST DO TWO TURNS PROMPTLY AFTER THE INCIDENT IF YOU TOUCH A MARK, YOU MUST DO ONE TURN PROMPTLY IF THERE WAS SERIOUS DAMAGE, YOU MUST RETIRE YOU MUST KEEP CLEAR OF OTHER BOATS WHEN DOING YOUR PENALTY TURNS

25. PASSING SITUATIONS 1 A BOAT PASSING TO WINDWARD MUST KEEP CLEAR OF A LEEWARD BOAT ON THE SAME TACK. THE LEEWARD BOAT MAY LUFF TO PREVENT THE PASS. wind Head up!

26. PASSING SITUATIONS 2 A BOAT PASSING TO LEEWARD ON THE SAME TACK MUST NOT SAIL ABOVE HER PROPER COURSE wind Proper course!

27. PASSING SITUATIONS 3 ON AN OFFWIND LEG, A BOAT BEING PASSED TO LEEWARD ON THE SAME TACK MUST NOT SAIL BELOW HER PROPER COURSE wind Proper course!

28. PASSING SITUATIONS 4 BEFORE THE START, THERE IS NO PROPER COURSE, SO A BOAT PASSING TO LEEWARD MAY LUFF A WINDWARD BOAT UP TO HEAD-TO-WIND ONCE THE START GUN SOUNDS, A BOAT PASSING TO LEEWARD MAY NOT SAIL ABOVE HER PROPER COURSE (CLOSE HAULED)

29. MEETING SITUATIONS 1 A BOAT ON STARBOARD TACK HAS RIGHT OF WAY OVER A PORT TACK BOAT wind Starboard!

30. MEETING SITUATIONS 2 TACK (AND WINDWARD/LEEWARD) IS DEFINED BY WHICH SIDE THE BOOM IS ON wind leewardwindward portstarboard

31. MEETING SITUATIONS 3 A RIGHT-OF-WAY BOAT MUST GIVE A KEEP-CLEAR BOAT ROOM TO KEEP CLEAR A STARBOARD TACK BOAT MUST NOT CHANGE COURSE IF AS A RESULT THE PORT TACK BOAT MUST IMMEDIATELY CHANGE COURSE TO KEEP CLEAR (I.E. NO HUNTING)

32. MARK ROUNDINGS 1 AT A WINDWARD MARK, A BOAT ON STARBOARD TACK HAS RIGHT OF WAY OVER A PORT TACK BOAT wind Starboard! mark

33. MARK ROUNDINGS 2 WHEN ROUNDING A WINDWARD MARK, AN INSIDE BOAT ON THE SAME TACK MUST BE GIVEN ROOM IF OVERLAPPED WITHIN THREE BOAT LENGTHS OF THE MARK mark wind Room!

34. MARK ROUNDINGS 3 WHEN ROUNDING A LEEWARD MARK, AN INSIDE BOAT (IF OVERLAPPED WITHIN THREE BOAT LENGTHS OF THE MARK) MUST ALWAYS BE GIVEN ROOM mark wind Room!

35. MARK ROUNDINGS 4 AN INSIDE BOAT IS NOT ENTITLED TO ROOM AT A START MARK wind Barging! mark RC

36. CHANGING COURSE WHEN A RIGHT OF WAY BOAT CHANGES COURSE, SHE MUST GIVE THE GIVE WAY BOAT ROOM AND OPPORTUNITY TO KEEP CLEAR. FOR EXAMPLE, BELOW GREEN IS ON STARBOARD AND RED IS ON PORT. IF GREEN CHANGES COURSE, SHE MUST GIVE RED THE OPPORTUNITY TO KEEP CLEAR, I.E NO HUNTING.

37. PROPER COURSE/ LUFFING RIGHTS IF A BOAT HAS LUFFING RIGHTS, THEY CAN FORCE A WINDWARD BOAT TO SAIL ABOVE THEIR PROPER COURSE I.E ABOVE CLOSE-HAULED. A BOAT OVERTAKING TO WINDWARD MUST KEEP CLEAR OF A LEEWARD BOAT ON THE SAME TACK. THE LEEWARD BOAT MAY FORCE THE WINDWARD BOAT ABOVE THEIR PROPER COURSE I.E. THE LEEWARD BOAT HAS LUFFING RIGHTS. RED IS WINDWARD AND GREEN IS LEEWARD IN THIS SITUATION.

38. PROPER COURSE/LUFFING RIGHTS A BOAT OVERTAKING TO LEEWARD ON THE SAME TACK MUST NOT SAIL ABOVE HER PROPER COURSE. IN THIS CASE, THE LEEWARD BOAT DOES NOT HAVE LUFFING RIGHTS. THEREFORE, IN THIS CASE, GREEN CANNOT FORCE RED TO SAIL ABOVE THEIR PROPER COURSE.

39. PROPER COURSE BEFORE THE START, THERE IS NO PROPER COURSE, SO A BOAT PASSING TO LEEWARD MAY LUFF A WINDWARD BOAT UP TO HEAD-TO-WIND ONCE THE START GUN SOUNDS, A BOAT PASSING TO LEEWARD MAY NOT SAIL ABOVE HER PROPER COURSE (CLOSE HAULED)

40. BIG THINGS TO REMEMBER STARBOARD HAS RIGHT OF WAY OVER PORT—THIS RULE TAKES CARE OF 90% OF PROBLEMS WHEN IN DOUBT, KEEP CLEAR OF OTHER BOATS (YOU ARE NEVER IN THE RIGHT IF THERE IS A MAJOR COLLISION!) WE ALL HAVE TO DO PENALTY TURNS NOW AND AGAIN HAVE FUN!!!

41. FREDERICTON YACHT CLUB PHRF RATING SYSTEM WITH GOLF HANDICAPPING STEVE FLOYD

42. WHY HANDICAP? HANDICAPPING ALLOWS DIFFERENT CLASSES OF SAILBOATS TO BE RACED AGAINST EACH OTHER. LARGER SAILBOATS TEND TO USE A PHRF HANDICAP WHILE IN DINGHY RACING THE PORTSMOUTH YARDSTICK SYSTEM IS MORE LIKELY TO BE USED. THE OVERALL GOAL IS TO NEGATE THE INHERENT PLUSES AND MINUSES OF EACH CLASS OF BOATS, SO THAT RESULTS REFLECT CREW SKILL RATHER THAN EQUIPMENT ADVANTAGE. BY USING A HANDICAP WE HOPE TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION IN RACING MAKING A FUN AND COMPETITIVE EVENT FOR ALL INVOLVED.

43. PHRF (PERFORMANCE HANDICAP RACING FLEET) NO HANDICAPPING SYSTEM IS PERFECT. THEY NEVER HAVE BEEN, NEVER WILL BE. HOWEVER, PHRF (PERFORMANCE HANDICAP RACING FLEET) IS THE BEST FIT FOR "NORMAL" RACER/CRUISERS IN A CLUB SETTING. FREDERICTON YACHT CLUB USES PHRF-TOD (TIME ON DISTANCE) HANDICAPPING WITH AN ADDITIONAL SLIDING GOLF HANDICAP BASED ON INDIVIDUAL RACE PERFORMANCE.

44. GOLF HANDICAP SINCE PHRF IS BASED ON LONG TERM PERFORMANCE OVER A LARGE FLEET. FYC HAS IMPLEMENTED A GOLF HANDICAP ADJUSTMENT TO REFLECT PERFORMANCE ON A RACE BY RACE BASIS AND ATTEMPT TO BRING THE RESULTS BACK TO A LOCAL FLEET AVERAGE. BASICALLY IF YOU CORRECT OUT AT THE FRONT OF THE FINISH ORDER YOUR PHRF RATING IS PROPORTIONALLY REDUCED AND IF YOU CORRECT AT THE BACK YOUR RATING IS PROPORTIONALLY INCREASED. IF YOU FINISH MID FLEET YOUR RATING IS UNCHANGED. GOLF RATINGS ARE CAPPED AT 50% ABOVE OR BELOW BASE RATING. IF YOUR BASE RATING IS 200 THE GOLF WILL ADJUST YOU NO HIGHER THAN 300 AND NO LOWER THAN 100. BEGINNING EACH YEAR GOLF RATINGS ARE REDUCED BY 25%.

45. PHRF RATINGS THE US SAILING PHRF DATABASE IS USED TO ASSIGN A BASE RATING TO EACH BOAT. FURTHER ADJUSTMENTS ARE MADE BASED ON THE FOLLOWING. SPINNAKER ADJUSTMENT FOR WHITE SAILS IS: MASTHEAD - PLUS 12 FRACTIONAL - PLUS 6 15/16 - PLUS 9 GENNAKER ADJUSTMENT TO SPINNAKER RATING: GENNAKER - US SAIL AVG RATE PLUS 3 LARGEST JIB IN INVENTORY: 155.1 – 160% - MINUS 3 160.1 – 170% - MINUS 6 135% OR LESS - PLUS 3 (BUT ONLY IF WHITE SAILS) PROP TYPES: FOLDING - NO ADJUSTMENT TWO-BLADE - PLUS 6 THREE-BLADE - PLUS 9

46. HOW DOES PHRF-TOD WORK IN PHRF-TOD, YOU GET A FINISH TIME CORRECTION EQUAL TO THE LENGTH OF THE RACE COURSE IN NAUTICAL MILES MULTIPLIED BY YOUR PHRF RATING IN SECONDS/MILE. THUS, FOR A 6 MILE RACE, A BOAT THAT RATES 240 WOULD GET A 6X240=1440 SECOND HANDICAP. HER CORRECTED ELAPSED TIME WOULD BE 1440 SECONDS LESS THAN HER ACTUAL ELAPSED TIME TO COMPLETE THE RACE. WHAT MOST PEOPLE TEND TO DO IS THINK ABOUT THE RATING DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOATS NOT ACTUAL RATING. THEREFORE, IF YOU RATE 240 AND THE OTHER GUY RATES 110, HE OWES YOU 240-110= 130 SECONDS PER MILE. FOR A 6 MILE RACE, AS LONG AS YOU FINISH LESS THAN 6 X130= 780 SECONDS BEHIND, YOU WILL CORRECT OUT AHEAD OF HIM.

47. CALCULATION EXAMPLE: ASSUMING A 6NM RACE COURSE. THE OTHER GUY FINISHED 12 MINUTES AHEAD OF YOU IN 1 HOUR 48 MINUTES OR 6480 SEC ELAPSED. (ELAPSED TIME IN SEC – (COURSE DISTANCE IN MILES X PHRF)) = 6480-(6 X 110) = 5820 SEC OR 97 MIN. CORRECTED ELAPSED TIME. YOU FINISHED 12 MINUTES BEHIND THE OTHER GUY IN 2 HOURS OR 7200 SEC ELAPSED. 7200-(6 X 240) = 5760 SEC OR 96 MIN. CORRECTED ELAPSED TIME. **YOU WIN BY 60 SEC **

48. ONE DIFFICULTY WITH PHRF CAN BE ILLUSTRATED BY LOOKING AT THE RESULTS IN ONE DESIGN RACES. IF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FIRST AND LAST IN A ONE-DESIGN FLEET IS 10 MINUTES AFTER A 6 MILE/1 HOUR RACE THAT MEANS THAT THE LAST BOAT IS 50 SECONDS A MILE SLOWER THAN AVERAGE AND THE WINNER IS 50 SECONDS A MILE FASTER THAN AVERAGE. FIRST PLACE FINISHED IN 1 HR. - 6 MILES IN 3600 SEC = 600 SEC/MILE (AVG SPEED OF 6.00 KTS) LAST PLACE FINISHED IN 1 HR 10 MIN. - 6 MILES IN 4200 SEC = 700 SEC/MILE (AVG SPEED OF 5.14 KTS) AVERAGE - 6 MILES IN 3900 SEC = 650 SEC/MILE (AVG SPEED OF 5.54 KTS)

49. IN A ONE-DESIGN FLEET NO BOAT HAS A PHRF RATING ADJUSTMENT 50 SECONDS A MILE FASTER OR SLOWER THAN ANOTHER BOAT IN THE SAME ONE-DESIGN CLASS. THIS MEANS THAT IT’S THE VARIATION IN CREWS THAT CAN MAKE A 50 SECOND PER MILE DIFFERENCE IN EQUAL BOAT'S PERFORMANCE. BOTTOM LINE, A GOOD CREW ON A WELL PREPARED BOAT CAN PROBABLY SAIL 20-50 SEC/MILE FASTER THAN THE PHRF RATING AND OTHER BOATS AND CREWS COULD BE 20-50 SEC/MILE SLOWER THAN THE RATING.

50. LET’S GO RACING THE BEST ANY HANDICAP SYSTEM CAN DO IN A MULTI CLASS FLEET IS TRY TO GIVE EACH BOAT A RATING SO THAT THE ENTIRE FLEET FALLS WITHIN THE SAME MARGINS THAT A ONE-DESIGN FLEET DOES. AND BY USING A GOLF HANDICAP ADJUSTMENT WE ATTEMPT TO REDUCE THAT MARGIN FURTHER.

51. JOHN MCKINNEY TRIMMING TO WIN

52. INTRODUCTION FOR A SAILBOAT UNDER SAIL POWER ONLY, THE SAILS AND THE RIG ARE THE ENGINE THAT MAKE THE BOAT GO. THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF HOW THESE TWO ITEMS INTERACT AND WORK TOGETHER WILL DETERMINE BOAT SPEED AND HOW EFFICIENTLY THE BOAT WILL SAIL TO ITS INTENDED TARGET, MARK, ETC.

53. HULL/BOTTOM PREPARATION MAKE SURE THE BOTTOM AND FOILS ARE AS SMOOTH AND FAIR AS POSSIBLE.

54. RIG TUNING TENSIONING THE SHROUDS, HEAD STAY AND BACKSTAY GO WITH A FIXED LENGTH FORESTAY UNLESS YOU ARE REALLY KEEN. IDEALLY YOU SHOULD HAVE SOME MEANS OF TIGHTENING OR LOOSENING YOUR BACKSTAY, WHICH IS IMPORTANT IN ADJUSTING FOR VARIOUS POINTS OF SAIL AND WIND CONDITIONS. THE TENSIONING THE SHROUDS IS IMPORTANT, ULTIMATELY THEY ARE WHAT HOLD THE MAST IN PLACE. THE MAST SHOULD BE CENTERED AND STRAIGHT WITH THE PROPER AMOUNT OF RAKE. CHECK YOU BOATS SPECIFICATIONS, BUT CHANCES ARE YOU ARE UNDER TENSIONING YOUR RIG. IF YOU ARE SAILING TO WINDWARD AND THE LEEWARD SHROUDS ARE FLAPPING IN THE BREEZE, THEY ARE NOT TIGHT ENOUGH... !!

55. BOAT PREPARATION REPLACE ALL HALYARDS THAT ARE WORN OR CHAFFED, TRUST ME THEY WILL NOT BREAK AT A CONVENIENT TIME OR PLACE. TAPE ALL TURNBUCKLES TO AVOID CHAFE AND TEARING OF SAILS PLACE A SAIL ROLLER ON THE LIFELINES TO HELP IN PULLING THE FOOT OF THE SAIL OVER THE LIFELINES AFTER A TACK. YOU SHOULD HAVE AN OUTHAUL ON YOUR BOOM FOR ADJUSTING THE FOOT OF THE MAINSAIL. TRY TO KEEP THE WEIGHT IN YOUR BOAT TO A MINIMUM, BUT ABSOLUTELY KEEP IT OUT OF THE ENDS OF YOUR BOAT.

56. SUGGESTED SAILING INVENTORY MAINSAIL WITH THE LARGE ROACH #1 GENOA (155% TO 145% FOR A WIND RANGE OF 0-14 KNOTS) #2 GENOA (135% TO 125% FOR A WIND RANGE OF 12-18 KNOTS) #3 GENOA (110% TO 100% FOR A WIND RANGE OF 15-30 KNOTS) LIGHT AIR ASYMMETRICAL OR SYMMETRICAL SPINNAKER.5 OR.6 OZ MEDIUM AIR ASYMMETRICAL OR SYMMETRICAL SPINNAKER.75 OZ

57. SAILING UPWIND LIGHT AIR - 3-6 KNOTS SET THE HEAD STAY WILL BE AT ITS MAXIMUM LENGTH SET THE #1 GENOA HAND SNUG ON THE HALYARD. THE SHEET LEAD CAN BE PLAYED WITH, MOVING IT FORWARD TO POWER UP, AND INCHING IT BACK AS THE BOAT COMES UP TO SPEED. THE LEACH SHOULD BE ABOUT 5" OFF THE TOP SPREADER AND ABOUT THE SAME OFF THE BOTTOM OF THE SHROUDS. THE BACKSTAY WILL BE OFF TO JUST REMOVING THE SLOP IN THE BACKSTAY. THE MAIN WILL BE HOISTED ALL THE WAY UP AND HAND TIGHTENED, BUT LITTLE TO NO CUNNINGHAM WILL BE USED. REMEMBER IN THESE CONDITIONS, WRINKLES ARE FAST! THE OUTHAUL SHOULD BE BARELY SNUG, ABOUT 2” FROM THE BLACK LINE AND THE VANG OFF. THE BOOM SHOULD BE ON THE CENTERLINE OF THE BOAT. USE THE CREW WEIGHT TO LEEWARD TO HEEL THE BOAT 10-12 DEGREES. KEEP THE BOAT POWERED UP AND KEEP THE NUMBER OF TACKS TO A MINIMUM.

58. MEDIUM AIR - 7-12 KNOTS SHORTEN THE HEAD STAY A BIT IF SO EQUIPPED, ABOUT ½ INCH. SET THE #1 GENOA JUST TO REMOVE ALL THE WRINKLES. MOVE THE SHEET LEAD BACK SLIGHTLY SO THAT THE FOOT OF THE SAIL IS ABOUT 1"-2" FROM THE BASE OF THE SHROUDS. THE LEACH SHOULD BE ABOUT 2" FROM THE TOP SPREADER. PUT TENSION ON THE BACKSTAY, ABOUT 800-1200 LBS. TIGHTEN THE MAIN A BIT, USE THE CUNNINGHAM TO REMOVE WRINKLES FROM THE LUFF. THE OUTHAUL SHOULD ABOUT 1" FROM THE BLACK LINE, VANG SNUG. THE BOOM SHOULD BE ON THE CENTERLINE. USE THE CREW WEIGHT TO KEEP THE BOAT FLAT 5-10 DEGREES MAX HEAL. THE HELM SHOULD FEEL QUITE SOFT WITH THE MAIN TRIMMER LOWERING THE TRAVELER SLIGHTLY EVERY TIME THE HELM STARTS TO LOAD UP. GOOD CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN HELMSMAN AND MAIN TRIMMER IS ESSENTIAL IN THESE CONDITIONS.

59. MEDIUM AIR - 13-18 KNOTS SHORTEN THE HEAD STAY A BIT IF SO EQUIPPED, ABOUT ½ INCH. SET THE HEAVY #2 JUST TO REMOVE THE WRINKLES. TEST UP WIND BEFORE THE START THAT THE DRAFT IS AT 40-45% AFT, ADJUST HALYARD TENSION AS REQUIRED. THE SHEET LEAD WILL MOVE FORWARD SLIGHTLY FROM THE #1 SETTING, BUT AGAIN IT SHOULD BE SET UP SO THAT ALL THE TELL TAILS ARE BREAKING AT THE SAME TIME. THE BASE OF THE SAIL WILL BE TOUCHING THE SHROUD BASE, AND THE TOP OF THE SAIL CAN BE TOUCHING THE SPREADER IN THE LOWER PART OF THIS RANGE TO 10" OFF AT THE HIGHER WIND RANGE. THE BACKSTAY WILL BE SET AROUND 1800 LBS. TIGHTEN THE MAIN HALYARD AND CUNNINGHAM SO ALL WRINKLES ARE REMOVED. TIGHTEN THE OUTHAUL TO PULL THE FOOT OF THE MAIN ALL THE WAY TO THE BLACK LINE. LOWER THE BOOM FROM CENTER TO 6" BELOW CENTER. THIS IS WHERE THE MAINSAIL TRIMMER REALLY STARTS TO EARN HIS GUINNESS, IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT THAT THE TRAVELER IS DROPPED WHEN THE HELM LOADS UP OR THE BOAT WILL ROUND-UP PUT THE CREW ON THE RAIL TO KEEP THE BOAT ON ITS FEET, BIG GUYS UP FRONT, BUT NOT FORWARD OF THE SHROUDS. AIM TO KEEP THE BOAT RELATIVELY FLAT WITH A MAXIMUM HEAL OF 20 DEGREES.

60. HEAVY AIR - 19+ KNOTS SHORTEN THE HEAD STAY A BIT IF SO EQUIPPED, AGAIN ABOUT ½ INCH. SET THE BLADE, #3, ETC. AND AIM TO HAVE THE DRAFT AT 40-45% AFT. THE SHEET LEAD WILL GO INSIDE THE SHROUDS AND RUN THROUGH THE FORWARD CARS. UPWIND, THE FOOT WILL BE QUITE FLAT, WITH THE LEACH INSIDE THE UPPER SPREADERS. THE BACKSTAY WILL BE SET MAX AT ABOUT 2 500 LBS. THE MAINSAIL WILL BE MADE VERY FLAT WITH MAX OUTHAUL, CUNNINGHAM AND VANG. THE BOOM WILL BE PLAYED FROM 6" BELOW TO ALL THE WAY DOWN, AGAIN DEPENDING ON HELM. AGAIN TRY TO KEEP THE BOAT ON ITS FEET, WITH NO MORE THAN 25 DEGREES OF HEAL, AFTER THAT YOU’RE JUST PUSHING WATER. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO KEEP THE BOAT FLAT OR ARE GETTING ROUNDED UP FREQUENTLY, IT MIGHT BE TIME TO CONSIDER PUTTING A REEF OR TWO IN THE MAINSAIL

61. SPINNAKER LIGHT AIR TRIM - DOWN WIND LIGHT AIR IS A REAL EXERCISE IN CONCENTRATION. AS SOON AS THE BOAT SLOWS DOWN, HEAD UP 2-3 DEGREES TO GET CLOSER TO THE WIND. AS THE BOAT BEGINS TO GAIN SPEED, EASE IT BACK DOWN AGAIN SLOWLY. THE HELMSMAN MUST CONSTANTLY SEARCH FOR WIND AND GOOD WIND ANGLES. IN THESE CONDITIONS, IT IS BETTER TO SAIL A LITTLE HIGH INSTEAD OF A LITTLE LOW. IT IS IMPORTANT THAT THE TRIMMER AND HELMSMAN COMMUNICATE ABOUT THE PRESSURE AND THE GUY TRIMMER PAYS ATTENTION TO THE ANGLE THAT THE BOAT IS SAILING TO THE WIND. THE CREW WEIGHT SHOULD BE KEPT FORWARD, AROUND THE SHROUDS. PUT CREW ON THE LEEWARD SIDE OF THE BOAT TO INDUCE ABOUT 5 DEGREES OF HEEL.

62. HEAVY AIR TRIM - DOWNWIND TO MAXIMIZE SPEED, YOU NEED TO MAXIMIZE EXPOSED AREA, AND REDUCE RUDDER DRAG. THE BOAT SHOULD SAIL FROM +5 DEGREES TO BY THE LEA 5 DEGREES. BY THE LEA WITH THE BOAT HEAL SLIGHTLY TO WEATHER IS FAST, AND MAYBE A LITTLE DANGEROUS. THE POLE CAN BE AT 90 DEGREES TO THE BOAT. IF THE BOAT SUDDENLY ROLES TO WINDWARD, THE POLE SHOULD BE LET FORWARD UNTIL THE BOAT COMES UNDER CONTROL. IF IT IS REALLY WINDY MOVE BLOCKS FORWARD TO HELP REDUCE THE SPINNAKER FROM OSCILLATING AND ROLLING. ON THE SET, IT IS CRITICAL TO GET THE HEAD SAIL DOWN QUICKLY. WHEN USING A BLADE, IT IS NOT SO IMPORTANT, AND IN MANY CASES CAN BE LEFT UP IF IT IS NOT INTERFERING WITH THE SPINNAKER.

63. REACHING SPINNAKER REACHES ARE EXHILARATING. KEEP THE SPINNAKER POLE RELATIVELY LOW, AND ALWAYS AT LEAST ONE FOOT OFF THE FORESTAY. IF THE HELM LOADS UP QUICKLY RELEASE CONTROL LINES FROM THE REAR TO THE BOW I.E. MAINSHEET, MAIN VANG, SPINNAKER SHEET. WITH PRACTICE, YOU WILL FEEL THE BOAT LOAD UP AND CAN REACT WITH THE HELM BEFORE YOU WIPE OUT! REMEMBER STEER DOWN IN THE PUFFS, AND UP IN THE LULLS. IF THE ANGLE IS TOO TIGHT OR TOO WINDY, SET THE GENOA, BUT REMEMBER TO MOVE THE CARS FORWARD AND PULL OUTBOARD IF POSSIBLE.

64. TIPS TO REMEMBER KEEP THE BOAT RELATIVELY FLAT KEEP THE BOAT MOVING POWER UP AFTER THE TACKS KEEP THE BOTTOM AND FOILS VERY CLEAN AND SMOOTH KEEP THE CREW WEIGHT BETWEEN THE BACK OF THE CABIN TOP AND THE SHROUDS KEEP ALL GEAR STOWED LOW AND WITH IN TWO FEET OF THE MAST. KEEP COOL WITHOUT CHEERING IF YOU BEAT JUSTIFIED TO THE WINDWARD MARK OR ANY MARK FOR THAT MATTER! HAVE FUN AND NO CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ON THE RACE COURSE. THESE COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS ARE JUST A GUIDE. WITH PRACTICE, YOU WILL FIND MORE SECRETS AND BETTER WAYS TO DO THINGS THAT WILL HELP IMPROVE YOUR BOAT SPEED. ENJOY AND GOOD SAILING... !!

65. THANK YOU FOR YOUR PARTICIPATION HOPE YOU HAVE A GREAT YEAR ON THE WATER