1. Fad Diets & Dietary Supplements WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW

2. Fad Diets

3.  Americans spend $40 billion annually on dieting and dieting products  66% American adults are overweight or obese  41% of American adults are trying to lose weight

4.  Promise quick weight loss  Short-term  Sells something  No exercise required  Advocates a miracle food that burns fat  Involves pills or herbs  Drastically cuts calories  Skips or replaces meals  Eliminates a food group  Require specific foods or consumed in certain combinations How to Recognize a Fad Diet

5.  Low energy  Muscle loss  Water loss  Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance  Vitamin and mineral deficiencies What Can Happen?

6.  Fad diets are temporary solutions that can:  Cost you good health  Offer you false hope  Prevent you from making healthy changes to your diet and lifestyle  Make you feel like a failure  Cost you money Fad Facts

7.  South beach diet  Atkins diet  Scarsdale medical diet  Grapefruit diet  Enter the zone  3-day diet  Sugar Busters  Protein Power  Cabbage soup diet  Grapefruit diet  Rice diet  Master cleanse  Juice diet  New glucose revolution Fad Diets

8.  Includes:  Atkins  The Zone  Protein Power  High protein, high fat, low carbohydrate  Body goes into state of ketosis  Fiber and nutrients limited  Increases risk of certain diseases  Difficult to maintain Low Carb Diets

9.  Includes:  The New Glucose Revolution  South Beach Diet  Good Carbs, Bad Carbs  Sugar Busters  Rank carbohydrates on effects on blood sugar  High: 70+  Moderate: 56-69  Low: >55 Glycemic Index Diets

10.  Includes  Cabbage Soup Diet  Grapefruit Diet  Rice Diet  Important nutrients may be missing  Likely very low in calories  Impossible to maintain Single Foods Diets

11.  Includes:  Master Cleanse  Juice Diet  Modified fast diets  Rid body of toxins:  Smoke  Pesticides  Food additives  Need to cleanse the body to avoid illness Detox Plans

12.  Is it safe?  Is it nutritionally sound?  Does it sound too good to be true?  Does it promise rapid weight loss?  Is it practical?  Does it consider special occasions?  Eating out?  Feeding the family?  Does the program include physical activity?  Does the program include weight loss maintenance? How to Size up any Diet?

13.  Be realistic –make small changes  Be adventurous –enjoy a variety of foods  Be active –get creative with your recreational activities Remember to…

14. Dietary Supplements

15.  More than half of all American take one or more dietary supplements daily or on occasion  Annual sales are in excess of $19 Billion  Supplements are considered foods, not drugs

16.  Products intended to supplement the diet that contain at least one dietary ingredient to include:  Vitamins  Minerals  Herbs or other botanicals  Amino acids  and substances such as enzymes Dietary Supplements

17.  The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) was passed in 1994 by Congress to:  Limit obstacles to marketing/promoting DS  Provide for wide availability of DS to consumers  Enhance information available to consumers  Food and Drug Administration (FDA) given regulatory control over DS Dietary Supplement and the Law: DSHEA

18.  Allows for product labeling claims as long as it does not diagnose, prevent, treat or cure a specific disease  While the statements must be truthful and not misleading, there is not a review/approval process by the FDA Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994

19.  The manufacturer is responsible to ensure the product is safe  Manufacturers/distributors are not required to record, investigate or forward to the FDA any reports of injuries or illnesses that may be related to use of their product Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act 1994

20.  Without regulatory control there is a buyer beware market  Dietary supplement advertisements can be misleading and deceptive  Claims of effectiveness may not be credible  The concentration and quality of active ingredients can differ from product to product  Dietary supplements may adversely interact with each other as well as prescription medications.  Dietary supplements are often utilized as a short cut to optimal nutritional practices. General Concerns

21.  Study of 12 brands  11/12 contained 110% of amount listed on label  5/12 contained at least one ingredient not listed on label  2/12 were missing at least one ingredient listed on label  Study of 240 supplements  18.8% contained steroids or pro-hormones not listed on label Analysis of Dietary Supplements

22.  Multivitamins can be useful for filling in the gaps in your diet.  A daily multivitamin/mineral supplement providing < 100% of the RDI for any one nutrient is reasonable for individuals who fail to consume a balanced diet  Avoid “megadose” products supplying 1000% of the RDI for Vitamins A, E, other fat-soluble vitamins, and beta-carotene Multivitamin/Mineral Supplements

23.  Boron  Garcinia Cambogia  Nitric Oxide  Carniti  Ginkgo Biloba  Pycnogenol  Ginseng  Branched Chain AA  Pyruvate  Chrysin  Glutamine  Taurine  CoEnzyme Q10  Tribulus Terrestris  Hoodia  Cordyceps  Turmeric  DHEA  Whey Protein  Lysine  Hydroxycitric Acid/HCA  Yohimbe  Conjugated Linoleic Acid  5 –Hydroxytrypto- phan Products without Legitimate Evidence to Support Claims

24.  Folic acid and neural tube pregnancies  Calcium and osteoporosis  Sodium and hypertension  Fruits and vegetables and cancer  Dietary lipids and cancer  Saturated fat and cholesterol and coronary artery disease FDA Approved Health Claims

25.  Manufacturers may use structure/function claims  Not authorized by FDA  Must be true and not misleading  Must be accompanied by disclaimer  “This statement has not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease”  Examples:  “Calcium builds strong bones”  “Antioxidants maintain cell integrity ” Structure and Function Claims

26.  Health-maintenance claims:  “Maintains healthy circular system”  Non-disease claims:  “helps you relax”  “for muscle enhancement”  Cannot make maintenance claims about osteoporosis and other “serious diseases”  Can make health claim about relationship between a product or substance and the disease if approved Other Claims

27.  Manufacturers of DS do not have to demonstrate safety or effectiveness  Using DS may jeopardize mission success  Do your homework before using DS to ensure safety  Only high quality products with USP certification labels should be used  Combining and stacking DS increase the potential for unsafe side effects Key Points