1. Animal Behavior Biology 17

2. Why Study Animal Behavior???

3. Animal Behavior History

4. Prehistoric Times Cave Drawings 40000 BC

5. Ancient Greek Period Greek Writing 1700 BC - Head injury and brain function 340 BC – Aristotle – Anatomist /Philosopher Historia Animalium Mutualism Tool use Brood Parasitism

6. Native Americans Southeast Texas - Bonfire Mass Killings -12000 years ago

7. The Three Foundations Medical Anatomy and Physiology Evolution Human Psychology

8. Medical Anatomy and Physiology Andreas Versalius (1543) De humani corporis fabrica libri septem (On the fabric of the human body in seven books) Paul Broca (1861) Speech Production

9. The Evolutionary Foundation Charles Darwin (1859) The Origin of Species Natural Selection Sexual Selection

10. The Evolutionary Foundation George John Romanes (1884) Mental Evolution in Animals Behavior could be studied among different animals and infer relationships Injective knowledge

11. Human Psychology Comparative Psychology (Psychologists) This school of thought advocates the use of strict experimental procedures to study observable behaviors (or responses) in relation to environment (or stimuli) Ethology (Zoologists) This school of thought advocates studying behavior under naturalistic conditions. It explores animal behavior in the context of animal anatomy and physiology. Ethologists specifically considered the significance of inherited elements of behavior alongside learned components

12. Comparative Psychologists Ivan Pavlov (1904) Noble Prize Classical Conditioning

13. Comparative Psychologists John B. Watson (1930) Behaviorism Little Albert

14. Comparative Psychologists B.F. Skinner (1938) The Behavior of Organisms Operant Conditioning Skinner Box

15. Ethologists Karl von Frisch (1973) Noble Prize Bee Dance

16. Ethologists Konrad Lorenz (1973) Noble Prize Imprinting FAP Ethograms

17. Ethologists Niko Tinbergen (1973) Noble Prize The Study of Instinct FAP (with Lorenz) Four Questions

18. Ethologists Niko Tinbergen (1973) Four Questions Causation Development Evolution Function Mneumonic ABCDEF Proximate vs. Ultimate Questions???

19. Other famous Behaviorists

20. Proximate and Ultimate Causes of Behavior Proximate Immediate causes Mechanisms Ultimate Evolutionary causes Adaptive value of the behavior

21. Mastigias paupua Golden Medusa Migrates upward during the day and descends at night Also migrate from the west to the east during the day and return in the evening

23. Proximate Cause At night – undirected pulsing of bell to “taxis” This causes them to head east until they hit the shadows on the east from the trees which cause them to move west in the afternoon. Mechanism – “ocelli” – photosensitive neurons control their swimming behavior and direct them toward the light

24. Ultimate Cause Get most of their food from zooxanthelle (photosynthetic) Over millions of years, individuals that behaved in this way received more food and were able to leave more offspring with the ability to coordinate their muscle contratctions to ensure light for the zooxanthelle