1. Section III III. Creation of Israel

2. Palestine after WWII Jewish Agency – group supporting immigration of survivors of the Holocaust to Palestine British promised a state of Palestine (Arab) Jewish Agency condemned it – illegal immigration

3. Zionist Movement Zionism: movement for a Jewish Nation Stern Gang and Irgun – Zionist terrorist groups actively attacked the British 1946 – blew up the King David Hotel in Jerusalem

4. Arab and Jewish Bitterness Palestine is called the “twice promised land” Both Arabs and Jews claim it Balfour Declaration: British support Zionism.

5. Enter the US British asked US for help Thought we would support Palestine We supported a bilingual, bi-national state Both Arabs and Zionists rejected it.

6. Jewish and Arab Bitterness Many Muslim and Jewish religious sites located in Jerusalem Western Wall (Jewish), remains of the 2 nd Jewish Temple Dome of the Rock (Muslim) and the Temple Mount(Jewish) Wailing Wall Incident: Jews wanted a screen up to pray in privacy, got it and Arabs thought they influenced power and started a Civil War

7. Israeli War for Independence May 14, 1948: Israel is created out of Palestine by the UN with all five Arab UN members voting against it Next day, 5 Arab countries invaded Israel. Peace at last but everyone forgets about the Palestinian Arabs Jordan absorbs Palestine lands PLO is formed: Palestine Liberation Organization (Yasir Arafat)

8. The Suez Crisis Britain controlled Egypt after WWII 1952, Army led by Col Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew King and wanted UK out Nasser tried to modernize Egypt – needed money – Aswan High Dam Played West against the USSR – when West declined to give him money, he took over the Suez Canal (UK)

9. The Suez Crisis UK, France, and Israel attacked (1955) USSR helped Egypt US (Eisenhower) told the UK that if they didn’t withdrawal, we would cash in there war bonds – UK withdrew one week later Victory of Pan-Arab movement Pan-Arabism – nationalism movement for Arab nations to be independent and modern.

11. 1967 War (6 Days War) Nasser of Egypt asks UN peacekeepers to leave Israel/Egypt Border King Hussein of Jordan flies to Egypt for a talk with Nassir. Looks like a war? June 5, 1967: Israel, in a pre-emptive attack, strikes Egypt, Jordan and Syria War is over in 6 days. Israel occupies the Sinai peninsula from Egypt(Gaza strip), West Bank from Jordan (Old City of Jerusalem), and the Golan Heights from Syria

12. The Rise of Sadat 1969: Golda Meir became Prime Minister of Israel and brings US/Israel ties closer 1971: Anwar Sadat becomes leader of Egypt Sadat wants the Sinai Peninsula back Egypt, Syria, and Jordan attack during the Jewish holiday of Yon Kippur

13. The Yon Kippur War October 1973 Syria, Jordan, and Egypt attack Israel during the Jewish holiday of Yon Kippur Arabs did not know that they would do so good so they did not know what to do next. Israel, because of the Holidays, called up their reserves fast. Israel went on the offensive and actually crossed the Suez Canal. US sold arms to Israel and in return OPEC started a trade embargo on oil. By 1978 – Sadat visits Israel and restarts peace process

14. Egypt Under Sadat 1978 – Jimmy Carter invites Egypt and Israel to US 1979 – Camp David Peace Accords – Egypt and Israel peace agreement – still holds today 1981 – feeling betrayed, Sadat assassinated by his own peopleSadat assassinated

15. Iranian Revolution 1951- Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq tried to establish a nationalized government and throw UK out and free Iran from foreign influence – Pan-Arabism UK and US (CIA) overthrew him and but the young Shah into power US and UK wanted Iran to lead Middle East Shah a bad ruler, modernization, economic downturn, and Islamic fundamentalism led to revolt in 1979

16. Ayatollah Khumeini (IRAN) 1979: Ayatollah Khumeini took over the US backed Shah of Iran Militant students over ran the US embassy in Tehran and took 63 hostages Carter’s rescue mission failed On the day Regan took office, all the hostages were released.

17. The Rise of Saddam Hussein and the Iran Iraq war (First Persian Gulf War) Ba’ath party – Pan-Arab party takes power in Iraq in 1968 Saddam, took power in 1979 (Security) Attacked Iran in 1980 to get land back War ended in 1988 with Iraq the biggest military in Middle East Invade Kuwait in 1991 (Second Persian Gulf War)

18. PLO Palestine Liberation Organization (Terrorists) – attack Israel from Lebanon (Arafat) 1982 – Israel invades Lebanon, force PLO out and leave in 1985 Israel moving into occupied territories – bad idea 1987 – Palestine starts the intifada – violent demonstrations against Israel – Israel responds harsh – hurts reputation

19. Yitzak Rabin 1992 – new election in Israel, Yitzak Rabin elected Prime Minister 1993: Yasir Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin sign a treaty that allows Palestine to govern themselves and PLO recognizes Israel and renounces terrorism (Oslo) Forms the PNA – allowed some self governing 1994 an Israeli kills 29 Palestinians, Hamas breaks away from PLO and resumes terrorist attacks on Israel 1995 – Yitzak Rabin assassinated by an Israeli Jew

20. Yassir Arafat New Jewish leaders after Rabin refuse to talk 2000 – Ehud Barak offers a great deal, Arafat turns it down Barak loses next election to Sharon, ends peace – Arafat starts second intifada Sharon orders Arafat to house arrest in Ramallah Gets sick and dies of mysterious illness in 2004 Mahamoud Abbas (Fatah) becomes President of PNA 2005 – after Arafat’s death, Israeli decides to pull out of the occupied territories. Allows PNA to govern (Fatah party) In 2006 PNA elections, Hamas wins in Gaza and Palestinines split between Gaza Strip and West Bank 2010 – Hamas controls Gaza and Fatah controls Palestine (West Bank)