1. BOT-2 Fine Motor Assessment
By: Hannah Reed Holmes and Megan Holloway M

2. Key Characteristics Age: 4 - 21 years and 11 months old
Domains: (Subtests)
Fine Motor Precision
Draw, cut, or fold within a specific boundary
Fine Motor Integration
Reproduce drawings of geometrical shapes that range in complexity
Visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
Manual Dexterity
Speed and Accuracy, timed
Reaching, grasping, and bimanual coordination with small objects
Upper-Limb Coordination
Measures visual tracking with coordinated arm and hand movement
Catching, dribbling, and throwing a tennis ball M
Example: picking up plastic pennies and placing them into a box

3. Key Characteristics cont’d
The purpose is to assess different measures of fine motor skill proficiency
Supporting Diagnosis of Motor Impairments
Screening
Making Placement Decisions
Developing and Evaluating Motor Training Programs
Assisting Clinicians and Researchers on Evaluation of Programs M

4. Testing Procedures Composite Form Select Subtests Form
Fine Manual Control
Manual Coordination
Select Subtests Form
Fine Motor Precision
Fine Motor Integration
Manual Dexterity
Upper Limb Coordination H

5. Testing Procedures cont’d
Administration Manual- Standardized
Examiner’s exact words in bold
Number of trials in box
Pictures of how performance should look
Number of times examiner can demonstrate item
Time Limit in box H

6. Examples of Test Items Fine Motor Precision Fine Motor Integration
Filling in Shapes- Circle
Filling in the Shape- Star
Fine Motor Integration
Copying Circle
Copying Square
Manual Dexterity
Making dots in circles
Card Sort
Upper-Limb Coordination
Dropping and Catching a Ball- Both Hands
Dropping and Catching a Ball- One Hand
DEMONSTRATE

7. Test Development 1979 Original BOTMP created
BOTMP was separated into gross and fine motor.
BOT-2 was created to analyze more specific components of fine motor and gross motor.
Evaluation of both items were compared and certain testing items eliminated.
BOT-2 expanded coverage of fine and gross motor skills.
Improved measurement among 4 and 5 year olds.
Extended norms through age 21.
Improved item presentation.
Improved quality of kit equipment.
Fine motor and gross motor was skill two broad H

8. Test Standardization Standardization
Uniform procedures for administration & scoring
Rules, number of trails, and time limits
Scores are compared to age-based norms
n= 1,520 examinees
Ages 4 years of age to 21 years and 11 months of age
Based on the Current Population Survey (Bureau of the Census, 2001)
Standardized Populations: African American, Hispanic, White, & Other
Item Bias Review
Gender
Ethnicity
Socio-economic H

9. Psychometric Properties
Internal Consistency Reliability
Test-Retest Reliability
Ages 4-7 (n=43); (7-35 days)
Ages 8-11 (n=44); (7-42 days)
Ages (n=47); (10-42 days)
Interrater Reliability for Subtests, Composites, and Short Form by Age
Total Composite
Ages 4-7 (.95)
Ages 8-11 (.95)
Ages (.96)
Total Composite Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.84)
Ages 8-12 (.85)
Ages (.79)
Ages 4-21 (.98)
Short Form
Ages 4-7 (.82)
Ages 8-11 (.84)
Ages (.87)
Short Form Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.86)
Ages 8-12 (.87)
Ages (.80)
Fine Manual Control
Ages 4-7 (.88)
Ages 8-11 (.85)
Ages (.90)
Fine Manual Control Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.81)
Ages 8-12 (.54)
Ages (.48)
Ages 4-21 (.91)
Manual Coordination
Ages 4-7 (.89)
Ages 8-11 (.86)
Ages (.86)
Manual Coordination Correlation
Ages 4-7 (.62)
Ages 8-12 (.70)
Ages (.64) M
Strong inter-rater and test-retest reliability
Some subtests depending on age have weak test-retest reliability

10. Psychometric Properties cont’d
Test Content- When updating the BOT-2, only functional items that were proven to test its subtest title with moderately high factor were kept.
Criterion- Concurrent with 1-2 studies; demonstrates adequate agreement with a criterion or gold standard measure
Construct (Internal Structure)- The BOT-2 uses a composite structure that distinguishes fine motor skills on the basis of the limbs and musculature involved in object manipulation related to functional activities.
Correlation of BOT-2 Scores with PDMS-2 (Fine Motor Quotient) Scores Ages 4-5
Correlations of BOT-2 Scores with TVMS-R (Visual Motor Skills) Scores Ages 4-13
Total Motor Composite Correlation (.77)
Total Motor Composite Correlation (.62)
Fine Motor Precision
(.61)
Fine Motor Integration (.42)
Fine Manual Control
(.55)
Manual Dexterity (.53)
Fine Motor Integration
(.72)
(.70) M

11. Test Length/Cost Fine Motor Composite Form: Fine Motor Short Form
20-30 minutes to administer
10 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
Fine Motor Short Form
5-10 minutes to administer
5 minutes needed to prepare the testing area
Cost of Fine Motor BOT-2 Kit $515.00
Kit includes Manual, Supplemental Manual, Administration Easel, Record Forms (25), Target, Shuttle Block, Balance Beam, Knee Pad.
Cost of Complete BOT-2 Kit $837 H
This is beneficial to know for when you are setting up appointments. It is also important to consider time that is needed to build rapport with the client. Younger individuals may benefit from completing two separate, shorter testing sessions, and it is important to consider the individual’s motivation and ability to maintain attention when determining the time it will take to administer the test.

12. Scoring Recording Item Raw Score Convert Raw Score to Point Score
Make Notes and Observation During Administration
Computing Subtest Total Point Scores H

13. Interpretation and Results
Gives a good baseline for strengths and weaknesses.
Can choose between subtests and use ones that apply the most.
When explaining to parents, first identify average to above average scores, then address the below average areas that can be improved with OT. H

14. Areas of Occupation Education participation
The fine manual control subtest of the BOT-2 is particularly useful in screening for academic readiness in young children. M

15. Assessment Approach/Environment
Bottom up
Looks at components that are necessary for functional occupational performance during short activities (not specific occupations)
Environment:
Educational Setting
Rehabilitation center/Health Care Setting
Home M

16. Frame of Reference / Measurement Concerns
Frame of References:
Motor Control and Motor Learning
Biomechanical and Rehabilitative
Measurement Concerns:
Examinee inattention with test length
Poor test environment
Inability to establish rapport
Examiner incompetency
Substitute for the standardized tools
Difficult to use with children who have disabilities
Test cost M

17. Resources
Bruininks, R. H., & Bruininks, B. D. (2005). BOT2: Bruininks-Oseretsky test of motor proficiency : manual (2nd ed.). Minneapolis, Minn.: Pearson Assessments.
Clinical Assessment. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 3, 2014, from