1. PEDv Pork Management Conference June 19, 2014 Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd. alower@hogvet.com

2. 2 Carthage Veterinary Clinic Hancock Veterinary Clinic Carthage, IL Suzhou, China Solutions for the Food Supply Chain

3. Epidemic 3

4. 4

5. PEDv Worldwide 5 Beek, Vincent

6. Genetics 6 Woo, et al. J. Virol. 2012

7. 7 PEDv

8. Swine Deltacoronavirus (SDCoV) Non-PED coronavirus – Clinical signs similar to PED and TGE – 40% PWM for 2-3 weeks Described in Hong Kong - 2012 First case - June 5, 2013 Diagnostic capabilities – SDCv PCR – No serological testing 8 ADDL

9. 9 Woo, et al. J. Virol. 2012

10. 10 SDCoV Woo, et al. J. Virol. 2012

11. Porcine Deltacoronavirus Bioassay Nine - 14 day old piglets – Inoculated with PDCoV from field samples Euthanized on: – Day 2 post-infection (PI) – Day 4 PI – Day 6 PI Showed no evidence of enterocyte infection Negative for PDCoV by RT-PCR 11 University of Minnesota

12. Porcine Deltacoronavirus Retrospective analysis 30% positive rate on cases Co-infection (PEDv, TGEv, RVA, RVB, RVC) – 78% positive for PEDv, RVA, RVB, and/or RVC – RVC positive >50% of the samples 4 complete genomes – US isolates - 99.8% similar – Chinese strain - 98.9% - 99.2% similar 12 University of Minnesota

13. Outbreak Management 13 Day 0 Wean down in age Begin oral live virus exposure +/- oral progestins Day 1-5 Aggressive oral live exposure Day 6- 14 Euthanize all piglets born SANITATION

14. PEDv Impact 14

15. PEDv Impact 15

16. Euthanize pigs on Day 0 – 14 days 16

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18. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22 Courtesy of Dr. Jim Lowe

23. Herd Eradication Management Aggressive sanitation – Double de-grease, Double wash, Double disinfect rooms 2 nights downtime Wash sows prior to loading – No carts, change shoe – Full McREBEL – Do not touch pigs till day 7 – Wash gestation barns continuously – Wash hallways after every pig movement 23

24. Antibody Response 24 ISU. Gimenez-Lirola. NPB #13-264

25. 25 Song, D. Park, B, Virus Genes, 2012

26. 26 SDSU. Clement. NPB #13-263

27. 27 SDSU. Clement. NPB #13-263

28. Conditional Vaccine License Harrisvaccines, Inc June 16, 2014 approval Qualifications: – Safety – Purity – Reasonable expectation of efficacy Long term – Modified Live Vaccine 28

29. IgG Immunity Post PEDv 29 Courtesy of Dr. Murtaugh & Carthage System Positive

30. IgA Immunity Post PEDv 30 Courtesy of Dr. Murtaugh & Carthage System Positive

31. PRRS and PEDv Site Classification Guidelines 31 PEDv Site Classification IInfected and Shedding IIStable, Weaned pigs are negative for PEDv IIIProvisionally Negative IVNegative PRRS Site Classification 1Positive Unstable 2vPositive stable, Ongoing exposure 2Positive Stable 3Provisionally Negative 4ELISA Negative

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33. PEDv Site Classification Guidelines I- Infected and shedding II- Stable- weaned pigs are negative for PED – Herd is free of clinical signs of PED – At least 4 consecutive samples of piglet feces collected as often as weekly from farrowing are PCR negative Each sample must represent 30 litters between 7-14 days of age (95%/10%) Collect 1 swab per litter and request pools of 5 swabs 33

34. PEDv Site Classification Guidelines III- Provisionally negative – Herd is free of clinical signs of PED – At least 60 gilts have been introduced and have remained free of clinical signs of PED for at least 30 days – Sentinel gilts should have no known history of prior PED infection – Serum test is negative on at least 30 gilts present in sow herd for at least 60 days 34

35. PEDv Site Classification Guidelines IV- Negative Herd has no clinical history of PED virus OR Herd was provisionally negative, has had no clinical evidence of PED virus for at least 6 months, and gilts entering herd have no history of PED infection and have remained free of clinical signs 35

36. What do we need to learn? Epidemiology – Watch Canada Have they identified a key transmission route? Feed risk – Origin of viral introduction to the US Herd stability/eradication – Poor immune response or viral load? – Vaccine development 36

37. Canadian PEDv 37 62 cases in Ontario Accessed on 06/16/2014. http://www.ontariopork.on.ca/ped/ComfirmedCases.aspx

38. Carthage Veterinary Service, Ltd

39. PEDv – Late Finishing Infection Looseness observed 2 days prior to ADFI drop – 7 lb/day prior to break – 2 lb/day at peak - ~80% reduction 2-3 days ADG – Reduced 31% Day 0-7 post infection F/G – No significant difference 39

40. PEDv – Late Finishing Infection 40 Water Intake – Depressed for 7 days

41. One positive trailer in means 1.7 positive trailers at exit Plant Contaminated at entry Contaminated at Plant Contamination Ratio A2.25%8.05%3.58 B7.00%4.30%0.61 C10.84%10.81%1.00 D2.00%0.00%0.00 E14.56%3.08%0.62 G3.00%1.03%0.34 All5.98%4.31%0.72

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43. Biosafety of Spray Dried Plasma Relative to PEDv 1.PEDv does not survive spray-drying 2.Experimentally inoculated spray-dried plasma loses infectivity by 7 days when stored at room temperature 3.Retained samples from Canadian lot of spray-dried porcine plasma and 2 other samples of PCR positive commercial spray- dried porcine plasma did not contain infective PED virus 1.FDA acquired samples of the specific lot were negative on bioassay 4.Weaned pigs fed a diet with 5% PCR positive spray-dried plasma for 14 days post weaning remained PEDv negative for the 21 day feeding period 43 APC Tech Brief – April, 2014

44. Biosafety of Spray Dried Plasma Additional Questions – Is the lab simulation of spray drying similar to the actual process? – What is the sensitivity of the bioassay? – Does the lab strain of PEDv have the same survivability to the field strain? – Do all spray dry plants use the same processing parameters? – What is the variation in the plasma production process? – What are the QA/QC procedures involved? 44

45. Working Group Focusing on research, control, and contamination – 4 Priorities: To investigate the effectiveness and cost of treatments that could be used to mitigate the survival of PEDV and other viruses in feeds To conduct contamination risk assessments at all steps within the feed processing and delivery chain To develop a substitute for the currently used swine bioassay procedures To continue to investigate the risk of feed and other pathways for pathogen entry into the U.S. 45