1. Explosive Production of New Materials (EPNM – 2008) Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products Andy Vargo R&D Engineer DMC Clad Metal Mt. Braddock, PA Curtis Prothe Technical Manager DMC Clad Metal Mt. Braddock, PA

2. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products  Introduction  Experimental Procedure  Test Results and Discussion  Conclusions

3. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products  Cladding metal thickness typically too thin for tensile test coupon  Clad specifications do not require clad tensile testing or identify minimum strength requirements  Shear testing is common, but clad tensile strength data limited

4. EPNM - 2008 Shear Strength Specification Requirements Clad SpecificationMaterialsMinimum Shear Strength (Mpa) ASTM/ASME A263, A264, A265 Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloys 140 ASTM B-432Copper and Copper Alloy85 ASTM B-898Reactive Metals (Ti, Zr)137.9

5. EPNM - 2008 Crude Distillation Column  Internal components attached to column walls  Tensile strength data supports analysis of direct attachment to the clad surface

6. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products  Testing program initiated by DMC to investigate clad tensile strength  Test broad range of clad combinations  Compare results with cladding metal and base metal mechanical properties and shear strength data

7. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products  Test material selected from production plates produced at DMC between Jan-Jul 07  Cladding metal thickness>=9.5mm  Heat treatment = production plate HT  Tests machined and tested from same test block  Shear  Subsize Clad Tensile (6.4mm gauge diameter)  Base Metal Tensile

8. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products Clad Test Materials Cladding MetalsBase Metals Stainless Steels / Nickel Alloys: 304L, 316L, 410S, Alloy 400, 2205, 2507 Duplex SS SA 516-70 Carbon Steel Copper Alloys: Naval Brass, 70-30 CuNi SA 516-70 Carbon Steel Titanium: Grade 1, 11, 17SA 516-70 Carbon Steel SA 266-4 Carbon Steel Forging SA 240-304L and 316L SS

9. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products

10. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products

11. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products

12. EPNM - 2008 Shear Strength vs. Tensile Strength

13. EPNM - 2008 Stainless Steel and Nickel Alloy Shear Strength vs. Tensile Strength

14. EPNM - 2008 Copper Alloy Shear Strength vs. Tensile Strength

15. EPNM - 2008 Titanium Clad Shear Strength vs. Tensile Strength

16. EPNM - 2008 Comparative Tensile Strength and Shear Strength of Detaclad Explosion Clad Products Conclusions:  Clad tensile strength > clad shear strength  Tensile strength of SS, nickel alloy explosion weld > carbon steel tensile strength  Clad tensile strength of Cu alloy and titanium clad well above minimum tensile strength of cladding metals  Good correlation between base metal through thickness and transverse tensile strength  All of the base metal tensile tests after cladding were compliant