1. Intellectual property rights concern the legal ownership and use of intellectual property such as software, music, movies, data, and information. Intellectual Property Rights Piracy Plagiarism Issues > Intellectual Property Rights In this section: Digital Rights Management (DRM) Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

2. Intellectual Property Rights Most valuable intellectual properties are the result of years invested in study and training. –The sale of access to intellectual property provides an income for the creator and a return on his investment. The digitization of intellectual property and Internet use have made it easy to copy and distribute.digitizationInternet –From view of the owners of the intellectual property, this is theft, just like stealing a device like an iPhone. Some argue that intellectual property is overpriced –Say that those who manage the industry, make a killing while the intellectual property creators are given only a small percentage of the profits. –It has driven many musicians to resist signing recording contracts, and instead make their own recordings and sell them directly to their fans.

3. Legal Tools for Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Issues > Intellectual Property Rights ProtectionDescription CopyrightProtects the words, music, and other expressions for the life of the copyright holder + 70 years. The fair use doctrine describes when and how copyrighted material can be legally used. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act provides global copyright protection. TrademarkProtects a unique symbol or word used by a business to identify a product or service. Trade secretProtects secrets or proprietary information of individuals and organizations as long as the trade secret is adequately protected. PatentProtects an invention by giving the patent holder a monopoly on the use of the invention for 20 years after the patent application was submitted.

4. Piracy Piracy involves the illegal copying, use, and distribution of digital intellectual property such as software, music, and movies. Issues > Intellectual Property Rights > Piracy The music, motion picture, and software industries claim to be losing billions of dollars in sales to piracy Ranges from teenager downloading or uploading music over a P2P network to a Chinese merchant selling hundreds of pirated commercial CDs and DVDs each dayP2P

5. Software Piracy Pirated software, music, and videos can be accessed through file-sharing networks or from other users on homemade CDs and DVDs.software Because technology allows media files to be copied, many otherwise law-abiding citizens feel as though it must be okay. Methods for penalizing copyright violators –In July 2005, there were copyright infringement lawsuits against 765 illegal file sharers—predominantly college students—and many thousands of suits each year through 2008. –“3-strikes” laws : deny users Internet access if they are accused of copyright violations three times.Internet

6. Plagiarism Software such as Turnitin is used by many teachers to find instances of plagiarism in electronically submitted homework files, with a high rate of success. Students find it useful to check their work for accidental plagiarism prior to turning in an assignment. Issues > Intellectual Property Rights > Plagiarism Plagiarism involves taking credit for someone else’s intellectual property, typically a written idea, by claiming it as your own.

7. Digital Rights Management (DRM) Digital rights management, or DRM, is technology that protects digital forms of intellectual property restricts the number of devices and applications on which a file can be opened restricts the number of times that the file can be copied and burned to disk. Issues > Intellectual Property Rights > Digital Rights Management (DRM)

8. Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) is a U.S. copyright law designed to reduce illegal digital media copying by criminalizing the production, distribution, and use of technologies designed to circumvent DRM technologies. Issues > Intellectual Property Rights > Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)