1. Collecting, museums and orientalism in the Late Ottoman Empire: a view from the 19th century February 9, 2010 Arch 1810. Under the Tower of Babel: Archaeology, Politics, and Identity in the Modern Middle East Spring 2010

2. archaeology in the context of 19 th century colonialism: a way of systematically knowing the colonized landscape, surveying it, mapping it, studying its antiquities, ruins, its “antique” riches a way of acquiring objects for Western museums and supplying them with splendid collections serves a religious purpose as well discovery of places, cities, empires mentioned in the Biblical texts. Archaeology concretely legitimized the Biblical past. Very critical for European claim for Mesopotamian heritage. Lines up well with missionary activity. archaeology as part of the industrialist interventions from the West, employing, exporting technologies and scientific methodologies.

4. Orientalism: an episode in Western humanitistic thought Edward Said, Orientalism (1978)

5. Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824 – 1904) Snake Charmer (1870) Oil on canvas

6. Jean-Léon Gérôme (1824 – 1904) Moorish Bath (1870) Oil on canvas

7. Grande piscine de Brousse. (The Great Pool of Bursa) Jean-Léon Gérôme,1885, Oil on canvas, 51x76cm, private collection

8. Death of Sardanapalus (1827), Eugène Delacroix.

9. Orientalism: representational systems as apparatuses of (colonial) power visual, literary, architectural and so on...

10. postcolonialism exploring the cultural impact and nature of colonialist enterprises, problematizing their primitivist, “othering” stance, symbolic violence, oppressive ideologies misrepresentations of non-Western societies by colonial powers, power practices operative in colonial lands in colonial histories “a process of disengagement from the whole colonial syndrome” (Loomba) critical reading of representational systems as appratuses of power

11. Tanzimat Period 1839-1876 a period of rapid change and Ottoman attempts for industrialization and Westernization.

12. Kastamonu clock tower (1884-85)

13. Izmir clock tower (1901) The clock itself was a gift of William II, German Emperor.

14. Abdul-Hamid II Collection- Photographs of the Empire 1880-1893 High school, Damascus / Sebah & Joaillier, Phot., Constantinople.

15. Group photograph of the students of the Mirgûn (Emirgân) middle school for girls / Abdullah Frères, Phot., Constantinople.

16. Abdul-Hamid II Collection- Photographs of the Empire 1880-1893 Galata Tower, Istanbul / Abdullah Frères, Phot., Constantinople. Library of Congress

17. Turkish post card from 1895 about the Kanûn-ı Esâsî of November 23, 1876, with the sultan Abdülhamid II, the Grand Vizier, the millets and Turkey receiving freedom; the flying angel show the motto: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.

18. Osman Hamdi Bey (1842-1910) an Ottoman statesman, lawyer, archaeologist, painter, museum director

20. Osman Hamdi Bey in Oriental garb at the Vienna Universal Exposition 1873

21. Osman Hamdi Bey Untitled Osman Hamdi Bey Discussion in front of the Mosque 1906

22. Osman Hamdi Bey Tortoise Trainer (1906), 223 x 117 cm Pera Museum, Istanbul

23. Osman Hamdi Bey Girl reading Qur’an (1880)

24. Tiled pavilion (Cinili Kosk)- Topkapi Palace

25. Ottoman Imperial Museum

29. Other orientalisms Photographs of an Armenian–Iranian photographer: Antoin Sevruguin (1840-1933)

36. Sophia Schliemann (née Engastromenos) wearing treasures recovered at Hisarlik. Heinrich Schleimann 1822-1890

37. Excavations at Troy 1872