1. Automotive Production Engineering; Glasses Somsak Siwadamrongpong 2/2552

2. Contents Glass properties Chemical, Physical and Optical properties Glass structure Automotive glasses Tempered glasses Zoned tempered glasses Laminated Glasses Automotive glass production

3. Glass Properties General properties of glasses High hardness / Brittle Low density compared to high strength Low thermal expansion coefficient Low heat / electrical conductivity High melting point Good chemical resistance / Chemical inert Wide range of optical transmission Transparent Translucent Opaque

4. Optical transmission

5. Glass transition temperature; Tg By TMA: Thermal Mechanical Analysis

6. Glass transition temperature; Tg By DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry

7. Glass Applications

15. Popular Glasses Silicate glasses Soda lime silicate Aluminosilicate Borosilicate Phosposilicate Chalcogenide glasses Fluoride glasses Ceramic Glaze

16. Glass structure; silicate (SiO 2 ) Crystalline Amorphous

17. Glass structure; silicate (SiO 2 ) Tetrahedral SiO 2

18. : Vitreous silica (SiO 2 ) O O Si O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O Each Si tetrahedron links to 4 tetrahedra by sharing corner with each other All oxygen are presence as bridging oxygen (BO) Glass structure; silicate

19. : Binary silicate glass (6SiO 2 -2Na 2 O) O O-O- Si O O Na + O O Si O O-O- O O O O O O O O O O O O-O- Na + O-O- Network linkage is broken as entering of network modifier Non-bridging oxygen (NBO) is initiated and its charge is compensated with the metal cation Glass structure; silicate

20. : Ternary alumino-silicate glass (6SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -2Na 2 O) O-O- Al O OO O - Na + O Si O O O O O O O O O O O O O OO-O- Na + O Al O OO O - Network consists of Si and Al tetrahedra Metal cation is compensated by AlO 2 - and the excess cation will break the network and compensate with NBO Glass structure; silicate

21. 2+ O Si Ca Al Glass structure; silicate : Ternary alumino-silicate glass (SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -CaO) system

22. Window glasses

23. Automotive Glasses Tempered glasses / Zoned tempered glasses Used for side and rare glasses Laminated glasses Used for front glass Other glasses UV / IR cut glass Privacy glass Water repelling glass

24. Tempered glasses further cooled tension compression before cooling hot surface cooling hot cooler Strength increase 3-5 times of annealed glasses

25. Tempered glasses Zone tempered glass Tempered glass

26. Laminated Glasses PVB = Polyvinyl Butyral Interlaying Film

27. Glass Production Raw Materials Flat Glass Tempered Glasses Laminated Glasses Sand powder (SiO 2 ), Al 2 O 3, Na 2 O, CaO, MgO Floating Technique For construction, panel automotive and others

28. Flat Glass Production

29. Floating Technique

30. A A Section A-A

31. Floating Technique

32. Flat Glass Production Line

36. Glass Tempering Processes

37. Washing / Drying Section Laminating / Heating Section

38. Tempered Glass’s Temperature Inspection

39. Glass Laminating Processes

40. Inspection, Packing

41. Glass Laminating Processes

42. Pre-Processes for Glass Laminating

43. Glass Laminating Processes Post-Processes for Glass Laminating

44. Q&AQ&A