1. The British Empire
Chapter 25 (pp. 720 – 734)

2. introduction
During the 18th and 19th centuries, the British built an empire that would grow to eventually encompass 1/3 of the world’s landmass
At the same time, Spanish and Portuguese power declined
British sought raw materials and consumer markets for finished goods
Included territories in:
South Asia (India)
Southeast Asia
Oceania (New Zealand & Australia)
Africa

4. India Under British Rule
In the late 1600s, Mughal power in India began a rapid decline
Hindu subjects challenged the Mughals
Formed the Maratha Confederation
Fought a 27 year war to end Muslim rule in India

5. India Under British Rule
During the Maratha Empire, the British established a large trade presence
British East India Company
Sepoys: Indian soldiers hired to protect British trade
British took over major cities of Calcutta, Madras & Bombay

6. India Under British Rule
In 1857, for a variety of social and religious reasons, the sepoys rebelled against British forces
Indian Revolt of 1857
Led to dissolution of East India Company
India was now directly governed by the British Crown
British Raj (1858 – 1947)

7. The British Raj 1858, Queen Victoria becomes Empress of India
Strengthened control over colonly
“Westernization, Anglicization, and modernization”
Proclaimed equality under law and “technically” allowed some forms of self government
Former Mughal princes pledged loyalty for autonomy
Indian Civil Service

8. The British Raj
Prior to British rule India had an economically productive and agriculturally based economy
Leading exporter of cotton textiles
British introduction of cheap factory-produced textiles led to decline of India’s economy

9. The British Raj
British rapidly built up India’s infrastructure to more productivly farm natural resources
Railroads
Canals
Telegraph lines

11. Britain’s Eastern Empire (Africa, Asia and the Pacific)

12. Colonies and Commerce
1795, Dutch ceded control of Cape Colony (South Africa) to British
British established a large settler colony
Profited from port trade
British citizens displaced previous Dutch settlers
Resulted in the Great Trek

13. Colonies and Commerce
British seized control of numerous territories in Asia
Malacca (again form the Dutch)
Singapore
Burma (Myanmar)

14. Imperial Policies and Shipping
British sought trade rather than territory
New colonies meant to serve as ports
New clipper ships increased speed and cargo capacity of oceanic trade

15. Australia and New Zealand
, British Captain James Cook explored New Zealand & eastern coast of Australia
Native communities succumbed to disease
Ex. Maoryi

16. Colonization of Australia and New Zealand
At first, British used Australia as a penal colony
As more settlers arrived, British allowed self-government to avoid independence movements
Also, made colonists responsible for their own expenses
British also settled New Zealand for seal hunting and whaling