1. Nicole Welter

2. * Ligaments of the medial aspect of the foot. * Is a strong, flat, triangular band, attached, above, to the apex and anterior and posterior borders of the medial malleolus.

3. * The lateral collateral ligament of ankle joint (or external lateral ligament of the ankle-joint) are ligaments of the ankle which attach to the fibula.

4. * The long plantar ligament is a long ligament on the underside of the foot that connects the calcaneus with the cuboid bone. * The long plantar ligament is the longest of all the ligaments of the tarsus: it is attached behind to the plantar surface of the calcaneus in front of the tuberosity. * Deep in this Ligament is the short plantar ligament.

5. The Achilles tendon or heel cord, also known as the calcaneal tendon, is a tendon of the back of the leg, and the thickest in the human body. It serves to attach the plantaris, gastrocnemius (calf) and soleus muscles to the calcaneus(heel) bone. These muscles, acting via the tendon, cause plantar flexion of the foot at the ankle, and flexion at the knee.

6. * Ankle Sprain  An ankle sprain is when ever you land, roll, or twist your ankle in an awkward way.  They can occur for sports, running, walking, jumping.  Commonly Sprained Ligaments: * anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATFL) * calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) * posterior talo-fibular ligament (PTFL)

7. With most sprains, you feel pain right away at the site of the tear. Often the ankle starts to swell immediately and may bruise. The ankle area is usually tender to touch, and it hurts to move it. Your ankle joint, known as the talo-crural joint, is made up of three bones: the tibia, fibula and talus (deep ankle bone). Underneath the talo-crural joint lies the subtalar joint, which is the articulation between the talus and the calcaneus. The amount of time they take to fully heal can vary based on the person and how well they take care of themselves. R.I.C.E., Ankle braces, splints, bandages, anti-inflammatory, massage. This can stretch or tear the tough bands of tissue (ligaments) that help hold the ankle bones together.

8. A high ankle sprain is injury to the higher ankle ligaments, which are located above the ankle joint (closer to the knee with respect to the ankle). These high ankle ligaments connect your tibia (shin bone) to the fibula (outside leg bone). High ankle sprains most commonly occur when your foot is planted on the ground and then an excessive outwards twisting of your foot occurs.High ankle ligaments can also sprain when your ankle is loaded severely and pushed into excessive dorsiflexion. This often occurs in football tackles.

9. If they suspect a high ankle sprain or syndesmosis injury they may recommend a X-ray, CT scan or MRI to confirm the diagnosis. Once you rupture or overstretch these high ankle ligaments, the bones of your lower leg move apart with every step causing pain and loss of your passive ankle stability. You will often require crutches or a walking boot during this phase. Researchers have concluded that there are essentially six aims that need to be covered to effectively rehabilitate your sprained ankle and prevent recurrence. Depending on how bad the high ankle sprain it can take anywhere from 6 weeks for a mild sprain and for a severe sprain it can take 3-6 months.

11. * http://www.cambridgefootandankle.com/ankl e-ligaments.shtml * http://www.webmd.com/fitness- exercise/ankle-injuries-causes-and-treatments * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_plantar_lig ament * http://radiopaedia.org/articles/deltoid- ligament-of-the-ankle-1