1. By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie
Music History
By Randy, Kelvin, David, Andrew, Annie

2. What is Music ?
an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.
the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments.
What is Music ?
Formally, Dictionaries and encyclopedias define music as "an artistic form of auditory communication incorporating instrumental or vocal tones in a structured and continuous manner.
It is also defined simply as "the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments.“
There are a lot of definitions for music and it will take a whole book to explore the subject of music.

3. One True Definition of Music !
“music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective.”
If there is one true definition of music it is this;
“music is universal and yet it is also relative and subjective. What may be music to one may not be so to another.
For me music is the singing of the birds, the whistling of a boy as he’s walking, the soft humming of the little girl as she quietly plays, the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the keys of a piano...
Take a moment to consider what the meaning of music is for you

4. Music is the singing of the birds ….

5. the whistling of a boy as he’s walking ….

6. the beautiful sounds a pianist produces as he touches the keys of a piano.

7. Origin of Music (History)
Six periods of music
Each period has a particular style of music that greatly contributed to what music is today
There are many theories regarding when and where music originated.
Many agree that music began even before man existed.
there are six periods of music that Historiographers point out
And each period has a particular style of music that greatly contributed to what music is today.

8. Origin of Music (History)1
Medieval, Middle Ages ( ) 2
Renaissance ( ) 3
Baroque ( ) 4
Classical ( )
The coming slides are some resources for you to better understand the history of music.
Presentation are arranged chronologically as Timeline and
So, today is a great primer to learn more about every stage of music development.. 5
Romantic ( ) 6
20th Century ( )

9. Structure Music Timeline Introduction Music Forms and Styles
Musical Instruments
We will present for each timeline as this structure.
Timeline Intro
Music Forms and Styles
Muscal Instruments of defined timeline

10. Medieval Ages Music Timeline (500-1400)
During the Middle Ages or Medieval period, musical notation began as well as the birth of polyphony. There was a remarkable continuity in musical styles categorized into monophonic and polyphonic styles.
Pic Credit - Replica of the helmet found at Sutton Hoo, in the burial of an Anglo-Saxon leader, probably a king, about 620 in the Early Middle Ages[1]

11. Medieval Music Timeline
musical notation began as well as the birth of polyphony
Early music notation

12. Monophonic and Polyphonic
Remarkable continuity : categorized into monophonic and polyphonic styles
monophonic means one note at a time while polyphonic two or more different notes at the same time.
For example: If one person is singing a tune then this is monophonic . If two or more persons singing the same melody in the same time. This is still monophonic. If two or more persons singing the same melody but in different intervals then this is polyphonic(very simple but polyphonic). Now , if two or more persons singing different melodies that are combined together and being noticeable as one total piece of music then you have the full definition of polyphonic music.
Refer  (This composing technique was developed most in the Baroque age by composers such as J.S.Bach) There is also the term "homophonic music"which defines the most common possibility for nowdays that a solo melody("monophonic")is being accompanied by an instrument or an ensemble of instruments(a band). Read more:

13. Plainchant (Plain Song)
a form of medieval church music that involves chanting
Emerged around 100 A.D
Only type of music allowed in Christian churches early on
it was believed that music should make a listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and reflections
At the medieval age, plainchant music style is happened also called plainsong, is a form of medieval church music that involves chanting;
Chanting means words that a group of people sing again and again
it emerged around 100 A.D. Plainchant doesn't use any instrumental accompaniment, instead, it uses words that are sung. It was the only type of music allowed in Christian churches early on. In Christian tradition, it was believed that music should make a listener receptive to spiritual thoughts and reflections. This was why the melody was kept pure and unaccompanied.
FYI 
It is set to Latin text and sung, either solo or by a choir.

14. The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century
There was no notation for earlier forms of plainchant. A symbol called "neumes" were used to indicate pitch and syllable phrasing.
The Introit, scripted in “neumes” in the 14th—15th century 

15. Gregorian Chant
It was around the year 600 when Pope Gregory the Great (also known as Pope Gregory 1) wanted to compile all the different types of chants into one collection. This compilation will later be known as Gregorian Chant.
Today Gregorian chants are still being sung in Roman Catholic churches.
FYI 
It is set to Latin text and sung, either solo or by a choir.

16. The Beginning of Polyphony
a characteristic of Western music based on plainchant
improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G) intervals
Polyphony is a characteristic of Western music.
In its early form, polyphony was based on plainchant.
It began when singers started improvising with parallel melodies, with emphasis on fourth (ex. C to F) and fifth (ex. C to G) intervals.
This marked the start of polyphony wherein several musical lines were combined.
As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex.

17. the start of polyphony wherein several musical lines were combined

18. Pic Caption : Singing In a Gregorian Chant/Polyphony Choir
As singers continued experimenting with melodies, polyphony became more elaborate and complex

19. The Lute is shaped like a pear
One of the instruments that was played on Medieval Age is Lute.
The lute is shaped like a pear, it has a decorated fingerboard, a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose pattern and strings that varied in numbers until the 16th century when it achieved its classic form (having 6 courses of strings).
A distinct feature of the early lute is the peg box which was angled back.
During the 18th century the lute was overtaken by interest on the keyboard, but many composers still preferred the lute. During the 20th century interest on the lute was revived.
is shaped like a pear
a short neck, a sound hole carved with a rose pattern
strings that varied in numbers
early lute is the peg box which was angled back

20. Renaissance Music Timeline (1400-1600)
Renaissance means "rebirth" and in music this period brought about many changes in the way music was created and noticed.
I think you all already known about this painting name. What’s it?
Yes, Mona Lisa. Painted by the Italian artist, Leonardo da Vinci, and is believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506.
FYI 
The Mona Lisa (La Gioconda or La Joconde, or Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo[1]) is a half-length portrait of a woman by the Italian artist Leonardo da Vinci, which has been acclaimed as "the best known, the most visited, the most written about, the most sung about, the most parodied work of art in the world."[2]
Renaissance or "rebirth," a period of significant changes in history, including music

21. Humanism in Music
A new philosophy called “humanism” developed in Italy
It emphasized that life should be viewed as a preparation for death
In Italy during the Renaissance, a new philosophy called "humanism" developed.
The emphasis of humanism is on the quality of life on earth, much different from earlier beliefs that life should be viewed as a preparation for death.

22. the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas
Dutch composers and musicians were arranged to teach and perform in Italian courts
the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas
By this time the influence of the Church on the arts grew weak, composers and their patrons were ready for new artistic ideas. Dutch composers and musicians were arranged to teach and perform in Italian courts and the invention of printing helped spread these new ideas.

23. Instrumental Music
By the second half of the 1500s instrumental music began to take shape
The lute was widely used at that time
eventually mixed instruments were used
By the second half of the 1500s instrumental music began to take shape.
The instrumental canzone made use of brass instruments; music for keyboard instruments (such as the clavichord, harpsichord and organ) were also written.
The lute was widely used at that time, both to accompany singing and for instrumental music. At first only instruments of the same family were played together, but eventually mixed instruments were used.

24. Mix instruments are played

25. Renaissance Musical Instruments
The Shawm
The Dulcian
The Trumpet
There are three musical instruments that are popular in Renaissance period.
The Shawm
The Dulcian
The Trumpet

26. The shawm has a conical bore, only wider It has 7 to 8 finger holes
at the end of the bore is a large bell
was mostly used in outdoor ceremonial events
The shawm is the family of the oboe and as such it too has a conical bore, only wider.
It has 7 to 8 fingerholes and at the end of the bore is a large bell.
The sound it produces is quite piercing which is why it was mostly used in outdoor ceremonial events.
It comes in varying sizes, each having its own sound.

27. Dulcian The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm
A precursor of the bassoon
Dulcians are easier to transport than the shawm due to its smaller size
Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing than the shawm
The dulcian is a predecessor of the shawm and a precursor of the bassoon.
Like the shawm, it has a conical bore.
The difference is that a shawm has only one bore while a dulcian has two and it is folded at the bottom. Also, dulcians are easier to transport than the shawm due to its smaller size. Dulcians produce sound that is less piercing than the shawm.

28. Trumpet The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet
There are different types of trumpets, the most commonly used is the B flat trumpet. There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet (also known as Bach trumpet). There are also trumpet-related instruments such as the cornet, fluegel horn and bugles.
The most commonly used is the B flat trumpet
There is also the C, D, E flat and piccolo trumpet

29. Baroque Music Timeline (1600-1760)
The word "baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which means bizarre (very strange).
This word was first used to describe the style of architecture mainly in Italy during the 17th and 18th century.
Later on the word baroque was used to describe the music styles of the 1600s to the 1700s.
"baroque" comes from the Italian word "barocco" which means bizarre (very strange)

30. Baroque
a time when composers experimented with form, styles and instruments.
the development of opera and instrumental music
The violin was also considered an important musical instrument during this time
The Baroque period was a time when composers experimented with form, styles and instruments.
This period saw the development of opera and instrumental music.
The violin was also considered an important musical instrument during this time.

31. In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to discuss various subjects, especially the desire to revive Greek drama.
This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”, they wanted lines to be sung instead of simply being spoken.
Venice and the Opera
In 1573, a group of musicians and intellectuals came together to discuss various subjects
This group of individuals are known as the “Florentine Camerata”,

32. From this came the opera which existed in Italy around 1600
From this came the opera which existed in Italy around The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to gain public welcome acclaim.
At first the opera was only for the upper class or aristocrats but soon even the general public patronized it. Venice became the center of musical activity; in 1637, a public opera house was built there.
The composer Claduio Monteverdi was an important contributor, specifically his opera ”Orfeo”; the first opera to gain public welcome

33. Different singing styles where developed for the opera
recitative - imitating the pattern and rhythm of speech
aria - when a character expresses feelings through a flowing melody
bel canto - Italian for "beautiful singing"
castrato - During the Baroque period, young boys were castrated before they reached puberty to avoid the deepening of voice. Main roles of the opera were written for the castrato.

34. Violin
In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the first part of the century.
Violins are fairly easy to start learning and is mostly suitable for children 6 years and older.
They come in a variety of sizes, from full size to 1/16, depending on the age of the learner.
Violins are very popular and in demand so if you become a professional player it wouldn't be hard to join an orchestra or any musical group. Remember to opt for non-electric violins as it is more adequate for beginning students.
In Europe, the earliest four stringed violin was used in the first part of the century
fairly easy to start learning
mostly suitable for children 6 years and older

35. Viola
The first violas are believed to have been made in the 15th century
During the 18th century, it was used to play the part of the cello.
an important member of a string ensemble.
The first violas are believed to have been made in the 15th century and evolved from the viola de braccio (Italian for "arm viol").
During the 18th century, the viola was used to play the part of the cello. Although not a solo instrument, the viola is an important member of a string ensemble.
The viola may look like a violin but it certainly has its' own unique tone. It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin and functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble. Violas didn't enjoy immediate prominence when it first emerged. But thanks to great composers such as Mozart. Strauss and Bartók, the viola has become an integral part of every string ensemble.
It is tuned a fifth lower than the violin
It’s functions as the tenor instrument in a string ensemble.
the viola has become an integral part of every string ensemble

36. Double Bass
In 1516 there was an illustration closely resembling that of a double bass.
It is like a huge cello and is played the same way
By rubbing the bow across the strings
Striking the strings
In 1516 there was an illustration closely resembling that of a double bass.
This instrument is like a huge cello and is played the same way, by rubbing the bow across the strings.
Another way of playing it is by plucking or striking the strings.
Double bass can be played while standing up or sitting down and is suitable for kids 11 years and older.
It also comes in various sizes from full size, 3/4, 1/2 and smaller.
The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz bands.
The double bass isn't as popular as other string instruments but is essential in most kinds of ensemble especially jazz bands.

37. The Harp It is surprisingly easy to start
Not a lot of people play the harp
Even finding a teacher may be difficult.
The harp is surprisingly easy to start.
Harps come in small sizes for kids age 8 years upwards and bigger harps for students 12 years and older.
There are not a lot of people who play the harp and finding a teacher may be difficult.
Nevertheless, it is one of the most beautiful sounding instruments and it's worth learning if you desire.
Do you know where is easy to learn Harp ? Yes, our country is still playing as a traditional instrument. Let’s listen to called (Full Moon Night)
FYI 
The harp is one of the oldest musical instruments; archaeologists discovered a wall painting in Ancient Egyptian tombs which resembled that of a harp and dates back to 3000 BC.
The harp is surprisingly easy to start. There are piano students who learn to play the harp with little difficulty because both instruments require reading music pieces in double-stave. Harps come in small sizes for kids age 8 years upwards and bigger harps for students 12 years and older. There are not a lot of people who play the harp and finding a teacher may be difficult. Nevertheless, it is one of the most beautiful sounding instruments and it's worth learning if you desire.
One of the most beautiful sounding instruments

38. Oboe
How to Play:
The oboe is the treble voice of the woodwind instruments. The musician blows air into a thin, tapered double reed and cover or uncover the holes.
Among the wind instruments, the oboe is very difficult to learn because of the required embouchure. That is why it is generally recommended for children 11 years and older.
How to Play: The musician blows air into a thin, tapered double reed and cover or uncover the holes.

39. Classical Music Timeline (1730-1820)
The music of the Classical period, which spans from 1730 to 1820, is characterized by simpler melodies and forms such as the sonatas.
The piano was undoubtedly the primary instrument used by composers during this period.
Picture is the Montage of some great classical music composers.
is characterized by simpler melodies such as the sonatas.
The primary instrument is Piano

40. Style Galant a simple yet more direct style of music.
Middle class also appreciate
less complicated and easy to understand
By the early 1700s, French and Italian composers used the "style gallant" or gallant style; a simple yet more direct style of music.
During this time, the aristocrats weren't the only ones who appreciated music, but those in the middle class as well.
So composers wanted to create music that was less complicated; easy to understand.
The people grew disinterested with themes of ancient myths and instead favored themes they could relate to.
This trend transcended not only to music but also to other art forms. Bach's son, Johann Christian, used the gallant style.

41. Sentimental Style This style was adapted by composers
reflected feelings and situations experienced in daily life
New music styles of Classical period
It had simpler harmony and clearer tonality
Sentimental Style
In Germany a similar style called "sentimental style" or smfindsamer stil was adapted by composers.
This style of music reflected feelings and situations experienced in daily life.
Largely different from Baroque music which was mostly flamboyant, new music styles during the Classical period had simpler harmony and clearer tonality.

42. Piano Bartolomeo Cristofori created around 1709 in Florence.
Changes in his early invention became the basic of the modern piano.
very popular in the mid-18th century
First Known Pianos:
Bartolomeo Cristofori created the gravecembalo col piano e forte around 1709 in Florence.
By 1726, changes in Cristofori's early invention became the basis of the modern piano.
The piano became very popular in the mid-18th century and was used in chamber music, concerti, salon music and in song accompaniments.
The upright piano was favored by 1860.

43. Romantic Music Timeline (1815-1910)
Historiographers define the Romantic Music period to be between 1800 to 1900.
It is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea, and the use of various instruments including wind instruments.
Melodies are fuller and more dramatic.
is characterized by using music to tell a story or express an idea
the use of various instruments including wind instruments

44. Beethoven and Romanticism
Wrote choral, chamber music and opera.
studied under Haydn,
was also influenced by the works of Mozart
began to lose his hearing at age 28, losing it completely by age 50.
Ludwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. A crucial figure in the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western art music, he remains one of the most famous and influential of all composers.
Wrote choral, chamber music and opera. Briefly studied under Haydn, was also influenced by the works of Mozart.
He used dissonance in his music which intrigued his listeners.
Beethoven began to lose his hearing at age 28, losing it completely by age 50.
One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony. He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the ideals of Romanticism.
One of his most popular works is the Ninth Symphony
He influenced a new crop of young composers guided by the ideals of Romanticism.

45. What is Romanticism?
a concept that included different art mediums; from music to painting to literature.
During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris were the centers of musical activity
What is Romanticism?
Romanticism or the Romantic movement was a concept that included different art mediums; from music to painting to literature.
The Romantics believed in allowing their imagination and passion to soar spontaneously and interpret it through their works.
This was different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity.
During the 19th century, Vienna and Paris were the centers of musical activity.

46. What is Romanticism?
Wanderer Above the Sea of Fog, by Caspar David Friedrich
is an example of Romantic painting.
believed in allowing their imagination and passion
different from the Classical belief of logical order and clarity

47. Insturments that played in Romantics are “The Flute”

48. The Saxophone

49. The Tuba

50. 20th Century Music Timeline (1900-2000)
Music during the 20th century brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated.
Artists were more willing to experiment on new music forms and used technology to enhance their compositions.
Picture : Elvis Presley in 1957's Jailhouse Rock
brought about many innovations on how music was performed and appreciated
used technology to enhance compositions

51. 20th Century Music
is defined by the sudden emergence of advanced technology
no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses, clubs, and domestic music-making
20th-century music is defined by the sudden emergence of advanced technology for recording and distributing music as well as dramatic innovations in musical forms and styles.
Because music was no longer limited to concerts, opera-houses, clubs, and domestic music-making, it became possible for music artists to quickly gain global recognition and influence.
Twentieth-century music brought new freedom and wide experimentation with new musical styles and forms that challenged the accepted rules of music of earlier periods.
Faster modes of transportation allowed musicians and fans to travel more widely to perform or listen.

52. Rock and roll often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll
evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s
combination of African American blues, country, jazz and gospel music.
Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s, primarily from a combination of African American blues, country, jazz and gospel music.

53. Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument
In the earliest rock and roll styles of the late 1940s and early 1950s, either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument,
but these were generally replaced or supplemented by guitar in the middle to late 1950s
It went on to spawn various sub-genres, often without the initially characteristic backbeat, that are now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".
Either the piano or saxophone was often the lead instrument
generally replaced by guitar in the middle to late 1950s
now more commonly called simply "rock music" or "rock".

54. Hip Hop Music also called rap music
consisting of a stylized rhythmic music
commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted
Hip hop music, also called hip-hop, rap music or hip-hop music
is a musical genre consisting of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.

55. four key stylistic elements:
It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching, breaking/dancing, and graffiti writing.[6] Other elements include sampling (or synthesis), and beatboxing.
four key stylistic elements:
rapping, scratching, breaking and graffiti writing

56. Music has changed the world ?
When some people get sad, they often start listening to music, which then calms them down
If it wasn't for music, then this world would've been insane
Music changed the world a lot! When some people get sad, they often start listening to music, which then calms them down.
If it wasn't for music, then this world would've been insane!
Also, music changed the way people act.
Sometimes, you may not have realized, but when people listen to music, they act as if they're the music.
When someone listens to a sad song, they often get sad, or they act as if they're sad. So, music changed a lot of things.

57. References Music Education : http://musiced.about.com/
Medieval :
Renaissance :
Baroque :
Classical :
Romantic :
20th Century :

58. Any Question ?

59. Thank you