1. THE MODERN CITY PARIS and CHICAGO

2. THE GROWTH OF CITIES Populations ~ 1800~ 1900 Manchester 75.000600.000 London 1.000.0006.500.000 Paris 500.0003.000.000 New York 33.0003.500.000 Chicago 3002.000.000 Reasons of this growth Urban migration to the rapidly industrialized cities Sudden drop in mortality due to improved standarts in nutrition and medical techniques

3. PARIS

4. Pre-Haussmann Paris, Dark, narrow streets, insecure city

5. Political unrest: The Aftermath of June 25, 1848 A bloody but unsuccessful rebellion by the Paris workers against a conservative turn in the Republic's course

6. Pollution: Urban factory, Paris, Before Haussmann

7. Polluted water in the city

8. MODERNIZING PARIS New boulevards and straight roadways cutting through le vieux Paris (old Paris) Improved circulation Linking monumental sites regulations imposed on facades of buildings, public parks, sewers and water works,

9. Baron von Haussmann, Reconstruction of Paris, 1853-70

10. Haussmann’s Paris, 1853-70, interventions in red.

11. Boulevard Henry IV, Paris, Before and after Haussmann

12. Displaced Parisians

13. Camille Pissarro, Boulevard Montmartre, 1897

14. Evening on a Parisian boulevard. Georges Stein (1870-1955) Champs Elysees - La modiste, Jean beraud (1900)

15. Boulevard Grand Armee

16. Boulevards focusing on monuments

17. Vision of Paris Centered on L’Opera

18. Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875 (photo: early 1900s)

19. Charles Garnier, Opera, Paris, 1875

22. Cleaning Up the Street and Gas Lamps

23. Bon Marche, Department store Paris, 1865-70

25. Displaced Parisians in New Shanty Towns

26. Gustave Caillebot, Parisian Street Scene

27. Manet, “Bar at Les Folies Bergeres”

28. Another Bar Scene

29. Life in Parisian apartments on Haussmann’s boulevards

30. THE FLANEUR A literary type from 19th century France, essential to any picture of the streets of Paris. the detached urban explorer, the man of leisure, the idler, the connoisseur of the street

31. Illustration by Daumier from ‘Physiologie du Flaneur’, 1841; Paul Gavarni, Le Flaneur, 1842

32. The Flaneur, Unknown photograph

33. Urban parks: Gustave Caillebotte (1848-1894), Le Parc Monceau, oil on canvas, 1877

34. in 1850 Baron Haussmann engineered separate underground passages for drinking water and sewage using iron piping and digging techniques made possible by the Industrial Revolution, and in 1878 the system was 360 miles long.