1. 1 Medical Procedures By: Kathryn Carlson

2. 2 ●620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War ●⅔ of the deaths were because of disease ●Dysentery, typhoid fever, pneumonia, mumps, and measles spread through the unsanitary camps Background Left: wounded soldiers outside of a field hospital after the Battle of the Wilderness Below: hospital near Washington, D.C.

3. 3 Innovations ●Life-saving amputation ●The anesthesia inhaler - chloroform-soaked cloth ●Closing chest wounds - using metal sutures and linen bandages ●Facial reconstruction ●The ambulance to ER system Above: facial reconstruction of Carleton Burgan Left: medical kit from the Civil War Left: ambulance drill at the Army of Potomac Headquarters

4. 4 Legacy Today ●Hammond and Letterman encouraged triage organization where the wounded were separated into: o mortally wounded o slightly wounded o surgical cases ●Triage is still used today Wounded soldiers outside of a field hospital Fairfax Seminary in Alexandria served as a makeshift hospital Newly designed, well-ventilated hospitals lowered the death rate

5. 5 Bibliography ●http://www.civilwar.org/education/history/civil-war- medicine/civil-war-medicine.html ●http://mentalfloss.com/article/31326/5-medical- innovations-civil-war