1. Brazil
Chapter 7

2. Section One Objectives
Students will understand that Brazil’s varied landforms contain a wealth of natural resources
Students will understand that the Amazon Rain Forest strives in Brazil’s climate
Students will understand that although most Brazilians live in cities along the coast, there has been a steady migration inland

3. Physical Features Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world
Brazil’s best known physical feature is the Amazon River
The Amazon carries more water than any river in the world
The flow of water is caused by the Amazon Basin
The Amazon Basin is land drained by the Amazon River (2.7 million square feet)

4. Physical Features
Highlands cover most of Brazil. They include the Guiana Highlands and the Brazilian Highlands.
The highlands include savannas
A savanna is a parklike landscape of grasslands and forests
The Pantanal is in the west. This is a huge wetland area
The Atlantic lowlands are on the Atlantic Coast

5. Climate and Land Use
Brazil’s climate is tropical in the north with high temperatures and humidity all year round
The climate is cooler in southern Brazil
Climate also varies with elevation
Crops, such as, coffee, oranges, and soybeans are grown in the coastal areas

6. Climate and Land Use
Cattle ranching is done in the northeast because of the dry climate
There are also ranches in the Brazilian Highlands along with mines that produce iron ore, bauxite, and gold
Forests cover over half of Brazil producing rubber, palm oil, and timber. Logging is done throughout the Amazon basin
There are many hydroelectric dams that produces electricity for Brazil and Paraguay (Itaipu Dam)

7. Ecosystems
The rain forest shelters the largest variety of living species in the world
Most of the animals are found in upper leaves of the rain forest tress called the canopy
The canopy is like a leafy tent which prevents most of the sun’s rays from hitting the ground
Seasonal flooding causes the forest and river ecosystems to merge

8. People in Brazil
Brazil’s largest city is Sao Paulo with 19 million people
Brazil’s second largest city is Rio de Janeiro with 12 million people
People of European, African, and Native American ancestries have mixed in Brazil
Sao Paulo is the center of industrialization and finances
Coastal cities are overcrowded , so the government built a new capital called Brasilia inland

9. People in Brazil
Business districts and richer neighborhoods make up the city center and the outskirts are filled with slums called favelas
Many people come to the favelas in search of jobs
They have no paved roads, electricity, piped water supply, toilets, or sewers
More than 14 million people live in the favelas

10. People in Brazil
The gap between rich and poor is one of the widest in the world
Since 1980, poverty has increased by 50%
Brazilians of African ancestry suffer discrimination

11. Assessment
Complete p 315 (1-7)

12. Section 2 Objectives
Students will understand how Portuguese colonization changed the human and physical geography of Brazil
Students will understand how the Portuguese introduced an export economy based on the labor of enslaved Africans
Students will understand that for most of Brazil’s history, its economy has experiences a series of export booms and busts

13. History of Brazil Brazil was colonized by Portugal
Its people speak Portuguese
Brazil gained its independence peacefully
Cultures Meet
In 1500, the Portuguese first came to Brazil
Native Americans lived throughout the region
Portuguese established trading posts in the northeast
They traded with Native Americans for brazilwood, which produced red dye

14. Cultures Meet Brazilwood gave Brazil its name
The Portuguese set up and export economy, or an economy based on exports
Portuguese forced Native American into slavery to work on sugar plantations
Most Native American fled or died

15. Africans Arrive Africans replaced Native Americans
3 out of 4 enslaved Africans ended up in Brazil
Slavery was outlawed in 1888
Brazil was under a system of mercantilism with Portugal

16. An Independent Brazil
In 1807, the Portuguese royal family fled from French Napoleon to Brazil
The king returned to Portugal in 1821, but his son Pedro I stayed
Pedro I became the first emperor of Brazil

17. An Independent Brazil
By the mid-1800’s, coffee became Brazil’s main export
Coffee was the main product during the boom and bust cycle
Boom and bust cycle is a period of strong economic growth followed by a period of sharp decline

18. The New Brazil
In the late 1800’s, Coffee planters challenged the government and wanted a republic
Abolitionist, or people who wanted to end slavery, were campaigning to free slaves
In 1888, all slaves were freed
In 1889, Brazil’s military staged a coup
A coup is an overthrow of the government
A republic took the place of an empire in Brazil

19. The New Brazil
New leaders formed a constitution and elected a president
Some of the first leaders were know as “coffee presidents”
During the Great Depression in 1929, coffee prices fell
In 1930, Getulio Vargas overthrew the government, appealing to workers in the cities
Encouraged manufacturing
Gave women voting rights
Ruled for 24 years

20. The New Brazil In the late 1900’s, dictators ruled Brazil
Brasilia was made the new capital
People were arrested for speaking against the government
Democracy was restored in 1990

21. Assessment
Complete p 319 (1-7)

22. Section 3 Objectives
Students will understand that a variety of ethnic groups have contributed to Brazil’s rich culture
Students will understand that Brazil’s diversified economy depends on manufacturing, agriculture, and trade
Students will understand that Brazil is struggling with environmental problems, such as pollution and rain forest destruction

23. Brazil Today
Almost half of Brazil’s people are of mixed racial ancestry
Carnival
Carnival is a festival, including seven days of parades, music, and dance
Carnival is a blend of African and European traditions
It is held before the Christian season of Lent

24. Ethnic Groups
African heritage is strong along Brazil’s northeast coast. This is where enslaved Africans first arrived
Many Native American communities survive in the rain forest
Most of the people in Brazil are Catholic

25. Environmental Issues
The Amazon’s ecosystem is being destroyed because of humans cutting trees and damming rivers for hydroelectric power
The president has imposed fines and has created conservation areas
Brazil is using ethanol, which is a fuel that can be made from sugar cane, order to reduce its independence on petroleum

26. Environmental Issues
Curitiba is considered a green city because of its careful urban planning
Urban planning is the planning of a city
Curitiba has reduced car traffic and trash

27. A Growing Economy Brazil has a market economy
A market economy is where prices of goods are set by demand not by the government
Brazil’s economy is diversified and has the largest economy in South America

28. A Growing Economy
Brazil has many natural resources, including iron, manganese, tin, oil, natural gas, timber, rubber, diamonds, and gold
Brazil is one of the biggest exporters of coffee along with sugar cane and soybeans
Brazil is part of MERCOSUR

29. Government for the People
The president heads the executive branch
Two houses make of the legislature called National Congress
The highest court is the Federal Supreme Court
Minimum voting ages is 16

30. Government for the People
Poverty is still widespread in Brazil
Many lack housing, education, hospitals, and police and fire protection
President Lula wants to put oil money into social services
Social services are programs that are designed to help the poor
Dilma Rousseff