1. Poetry of the 17 th Century English IV

2. Changes in England  Small towns  big cities  Increase in reading  Changes in science and religion  Puritanism, Calvinism, Protestantism, Catholicism  Civil war: England beheaded king, got rid of monarchy

3. Changes in England  King was beheaded, Oliver Cromwell led England until his death  Cromwell: violence, taxation, chaos  After Cromwell’s death, Charles I’s (executed king’s) son offered the crown by Parliament  Crowning of Charles II  The Restoration

4. Agriculture and Industry  Better farm equipment = more food  More food = more people  More people = bigger cities  Industrial Age: birth of factories, better equipment, increased wealth  Dangerous working conditions in factories

5. Literature of the 17 th Century  Ben Jonson  Wrote plays, stories, poems in a more modern fashion  John Donne  Witty, intellectual poetry (unusual)  John Milton  Paradise Lost: justification of suffering in the world

6. Literature of the 17 th Century  Andrew Marvell  “carpe diem” poet: writing emphasizes seizing the moment/youth  Robert Herrick  “carpe diem” poet: writing emphasizes seizing the moment/youth  Alexander Pope  Jonathan Swift  Satire: political writings

7. Metaphysical Poetry  Popularized by John Donne  Characterized by intellectual displays and philosophical issues  Poetic devices  Conceits: extended comparisons that link objects not commonly associated  Paradoxes: images that appear contradictory but reveal deeper truth (Death, thou shalt die)