1. Mali: Democratic Star to Failed State?

3. Getting to Know Mali 175 of 187: Human Development Ranking 90% Muslim Population History of “consensual democracy” Landlocked: diverse agricultural landscape 20% French Fluency Cousinage

4. Bamako: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpHWgy MH1O8 Bamako: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpHWgy MH1O8 Dogon Country: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhE62EjZLv 0 Festival in the Desert: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NnZbqENid rQ

5. Remittances, Foreign Aid, Gold

6. Democratic Decline? Mali Freedom House Score 2012: Free, 2.5 Mali Freedom House Score 2012: Not Free, 6

7. Democratic Transition in 1991

8. Democratic Transition

9. Photo by: Tim Tillinghast

11. ATT: The Soldier of Democracy

13. Voter Turnout: African Presidential Elections

15. Citizens would rather consult traditional or religious leader than elected official (Afrobarometer 2004) 9 of 10 respondents said they would NEVER contact the police in case of a problem or crime (Bleck 2011) More than 50% of villagers in rural Mopti region said they didn’t know who they would vote for in January 2012 (Bleck and Michelitch 2012)

16. Politiki Manɲi “Everything that is related to politics in Mali is dishonest. It’s to fill pockets and get out (S11).” - Mamadou, 20 year old respondent from Segou with a high school diploma “I have no trust in politiki mogo (politics people) (BA7).” - Salimatou, attended some secondary school. She has 3 children and lives in the Banconi neighborhood of Bamako. “I don't like politics; it's nothing more than pure lies (M 40).” Aminata is a Bella woman in her 50s. She lives in Mopti and received a Koranic education. “I don’t discuss politics at all. To discuss politics is a bad thing. Politiki man ɲi (F81).” Ami, 25, left her village home to go seek work in Bamako. Her child lives with her aunt and attends school back in the village.

18. Libya

19. Tuareg Rebellion

21. ANSAR DINEAl Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb MNLA Movement for United Jihad in West Africa

22. 400,000 Displaced

23. Chaos in the Capital

26. French Liberation of Occupied Cities http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXPlAVlQECg

27. Challenges Ahead: Weak Government Heightened Ethnic Tensions Displaced Populations Leadership?

28. Recommended Reading: Bruce Whitehouse’s blog: bridgesfrombamako.com