1. 2 nd ANNUAL ARDENT WORKSHOP Quality assessment of hadrontherapy fields with TEPCs Paolo Colautti, INFN 2 nd Annual ARDENT Workshop, Milano, 14-18 October 2013

2. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 The radiation quality concept The radiation field quality is meant as a physical measurable quantity, which is significant for primary effects on a biological system We define the measured y-spectrum in 1- 2 µm sites as the radiation-field microdosimetric quality Some detectors measure only, which is used as quality mark of the radiation field. The couple of values and is a better quality mark of the radiation field. RBE µ, the microdosimetric assessment of RBE, can be an accurate quality mark for a given biological end-point.

3. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Therapeutic beam constrains Fluence rates Proton continuos beam BNCT facility 1 cm TEPC ought to measure at counting rates bigger than 10 6 s -1 1 mm TEPC will measure at counting rates bigger than 10 4 s -1 CNAO protons per spill CNAO carbon ions per spill

4. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Energy calibration technique in  ~ 1cm cylindrical TEPCs Vacuum tide Al cylinder Tissue-equivalent conductive plastic

5. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Energy calibration technique in  ~ 1mm cylindrical TEPCs  -source Gas IN Gas OUT Cathode H.V. Anode pulse Guard tubes H.V.

6. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Measurements at the Nice therapeutic proton beam

7. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Insulator surfaces damage without electric-field tubes 75 µm

8. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Solution: a cavity inside the insulator to switch off the the electronic avalanche 0.9 mm 0.150 mm 0.200 mm

9. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Mini TEPC of 2.7 mm of external diameter

10. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Vacuum and gas flow apparatus Membrane pump Pressure readout Exhaust Gas MFC MFC controller Turbo pump Solenoid valve

11. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Electronic chain HV anode HV cathode Pulser +18/-6 volt Low LET amplifier Medium LET amplifier High LET amplifier Low LET MCA Medium LET MCA High LET MCA

12. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Electronic chain

13. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Before measuring: linearity checks Integral linearity High LET

14. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Initial data from the 3 MCA

15. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Volt calibration

16. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Logaritmic compaction 1 st 2 nd B th log y i log y i+1 1 st ….. Equal log intervals Example: B = 60 First decade y 1 = 1.0391, y 2 = 1.0798, y 3 …. Δ 1 = 0.04065 Second decade y 1 = 10.0391, y 2 = 10.0798, y 3 …. Δ 1 = 0.4065 Original counts Count density in compacted intervals

17. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Sub-spectra junction Sub-spectra junction is not feasible if they do not superimpose

18. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 The pulse-height frequency distribution

19. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 The pulse-height weighted distribution

20. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Lineal energy calibration ICRU 49 data 142 keV/µm Calibration factor: 142/475 = 0.299

21. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 ∆E calculation in CSDA

22. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Maximum ∆E-lost calculation in CSDA

23. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Lineal-energy dose distribution Fractional part of the visual area is the fractional contribution to the the absorbed dose by the corresponding y-events Blue points are used to linearly extrapolate the frequency y- values down to 0.01 keV/µm

24. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Weighting the dose distribution with a biological-significant function Fractional part of the visual area is the fractional contribution to the effective-dose of corresponding y- events The weight is 1 for y-values < 10 keV/µm The weight is 200 keV/µm

25. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Splitting the dose spectrum in its neutron and gamma components

26. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Quality of the conjunctive-melanoma proton-therapeutic beam

27. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 The therapeutic beam quality Iso dose map Iso effective-dose map Iso RBEµ map

28. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Two mini TEPCs for quality measurements of BNCT radiation fields

29. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 The twin TEPC for BNCT

30. 30 BNCT dose components twin TEPC measurements

31. P.Colautti 2 nd ARDENT workshop. Milano 14-18 October 2013 Suggested lectures Glenn F.Knoll. Radiation Detection and Measurements. John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1979 ICRU Report 36. Microdosimetry. 1983