2. Characteristics  Difficulty remembering what they have heard  Difficulty understanding what is heard  Information may be interpreted differently than was stated  Poor discrimination of sounds  Difficulty sequencing sounds  Difficulty blending sounds to words  Difficulty following multistep directions  Difficulty following long conversations  Difficulty answering simple “wh” questions (who, what, where, when, why)  Difficulty listening and discriminating in noisy settings  May appear to tune out what is being said

3. Stop & Jot: Based on the characteristics, which students come to mind?

4. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Blending & segmenting sounds is difficult  Small group drill/practice stretching out the sounds.  Build phonological skills with rhyming, blending and discrimination games.

5. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Difficulty discriminating different sounds (ch/g, b/p, e/i)  Teach them to touch vocal chords and feel for voiced and unvoiced sounds; teach mouth positions for forming different sounds (e.g. “e” vs. “i”).

6. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Sequencing of sounds heard by student may be off (e.g., “elelant” instead of “elephant”.)  Divide syllables and show with a visual; underline vowels and scoop syllables.  Provide visual writing of a word as you say it (allows students to see and hear at the same time).

7. Turn & Talk: * Which strategies have you tried and found successful? * Name a new strategy that you’d like to try on!

8. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Can’t follow multi-step directions.  Speak slowly.  Break into smaller chunks or steps; have child repeat directions.  Use visual support (make a list on the board/chart, model).  Use a visual chart/schedule with pictures on the child’s desk.

9. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Struggles with oral comprehension  Teach visualization of reading (teach them to visualize one sentence at a time, then move to paragraphs). Practice verbalizing their visualizations.  Pictorials or storyboards.  Chunk text and have students sketch/draw what they hear.

10. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Unable to respond in an appropriate amount of time (unable to process questions as a whole)  Provide students with the questions they will be asked prior to asking them (frontloading).  Ask questions and give student time to process information prior to coming back to them for the answer.  Turn and talk before having to give a whole group answer.

11. How does it manifest in the classroom? Classroom Strategies  Unable to keep up with oral lessons  Provide visual charts with info or pictures.  Reduce amount of noise in the classroom.  Have them look at you as you are talking.  Speak at a slower rate.  Ask them to repeat information to you or themselves.  Supplement oral instruction with written notes or outlines.  Restate and paraphrase information; you may also ask the student to do the same.  Chunk lessons to allow for processing/practicing/thinking time.  Pause periodically to recap lesson.

12. Play Movie