1. Immune dysfunction & its consequences
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune disease
Graft rejection
Cancer
Immunodeficiency
Ch16

2. Stages of tumor development: Initiation and progression
Clonal origin, clonal selection
variant

3. Oncogenes and suppressor genes Environmental mutagens
Cancer
development
Survival and death
Proliferation
Function
Migration
Malfunction of
cellular genes
Oncogenes and suppressor genes
Environmental mutagens
Intrinsic factors
Infection

5. Cancer cell line
Immunodeficient mice

6. Cancer Yes Altered self Immune response ? Immunocompetent mice
Challenge
Immunocompetent mice
Tumor antigen
Yes
Tumor-specific immunity

7. Tumor antigen
Self tolerance
Amount of expression

8. Tumor progression and immune surveillance
Immune selection
Immune editing
Tumor progression and immune surveillance 3E
CMI
ADCC

9. Cancer Most emerging cancers are likely to be
eliminated by the immune system before
they are detectable or cause any symptoms

10. Mechanisms of tumor immune escape Decreased immunogenicity
Signal 1
Signal 2
Prostate cancer
Anti-HLA I
MHCI-loss variants
Anergy
Ag-loss variants

12. Immuno-inhibitory microenvironment
Signal 3
Indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
Metabolism of
tryptophan
Converting tryptophan to kynurenin
Immunosuppressive metabolite
Tumor-induced tolerance

13. Tolerance induction Adaptive Treg Tumor
Decreased B7
IDO
Adaptive
Treg
Tumor Ag
Tumor
The balance of positive and negative signals received by DC in the tumor microenvironment alters the natural history of tumor progression

14. Mechanisms of tumor immune escape Tumor microenvironment Angiogenesis
Tumor-infiltrating
macrophages, T/B cells,
endothelial cells, etc.
Macrophages (M2)
DC2, etc.
Collagen, etc.
Progenitors
Angiogenesis

16. Tumor-promoting immunity
Tumor progression and immune surveillance
Anti-tumor immunity
Tumor-promoting immunity
Chronic inflammation
Wound never heal

18. Oncogenes and suppressor genes
Oncogenic 先天
Mutagen 後天
Oncogenes and suppressor genes
Cancer

21. Oncogenes and suppressor genes
Oncogenic 先天
Mutagen 後天
Oncogenes and suppressor genes

22. Immune modulation Hypersensitivity Autoimmune disease Graft rejection
Ch16
Hypersensitivity
Autoimmune disease
Graft rejection
Immune modulation
Cancer
Immunodeficiency

23. Immune modulators Monoclonal antibody Cytotoxic antibody Blocking
Stimulating
antibody

25. Anti-angiogenesis
Therapeutic antibody

26. CTLA4-Ig mAb: Anti-CTLA4 T cell regulation by signal 2 Tumor
Immune modulators
T cell regulation
by signal 2
CTLA4-Ig
Blocking
mAb: Anti-CTLA4
Tumor
Autoimmunity

27. Tumor targeting by monoclonal antibody
Detection
Diagnosis

28. Ch16
Fighting infectious diseases with vaccination
Vaccines
Immunogenetic heterogeneous population
Population immunity, herd immunity

29. Mimic the natural state of infection
Protect against illness from exposure to live pathogen
Induce neutralizing antibody
Prevent immunopathology

30. Vaccines
Pathogenicity
Antigenicity
Transient growth within inoculated host
Life attenuated vaccine

31. Attenuation can be achieved by recombinant DNA techniques

32. Prevention ? Tumor vaccine Ag of infectious agents Prophylactic