2. Discontent about hardships and demands of war  riots Bread riots Draft riots Disagreements over how to wage war  internal conflicts in N and S

3. SOUTH Food shortages Severe inflation NORTH Mild inflation Income tax established New currency issued  greenbacks

4. New opportunities open to women in offices and industry Assume more responsibility while men fight Serve as volunteer workers, nurses, and spies

5. 54 th Massachusetts Black army unit; insisted on fighting w/out pay (instead of for lower pay) Bravery increased African American enlistment Slaves hurt S and help N by: Not working; sabotaging crops and equipment; rebelling, and running away to fight with Union

6. COSTS AND CONSEQUENCES

7. Banned slavery in ALL of the US

8. Bitterness between N and S ~620,000 soldiers dead, most by disease ~535,000 wounded

9. Northerners saw US as a single nation From “the United States are” to “the United States is” National government expanded Industry began to replace farming as basis of national economy Economic disaster in South