2. Climate  Climatology is the study of Earth’s climate and factors affecting it Climate describes long term variations in weather (30+ years)

3. Latitude  Areas near the equator get more direct heating  Results in some areas being colder and some being warmer Climate zones based on temperature and precipitation

4. Climatograph  A climatograph shows the monthly average temperature and precipitation for a particular area

5. Climate Classification  Koppen classification system Based on vegetation and average monthly precipitation and temperature

6. Tropical Climates  Tropical climates have constant high temperatures Some has up to 600 cm of rain each year Tropical rain forests  vegetation mT air masses South America, Indonesia

8. Dry Climates  Dry climates cover 30% of Earth’s land Influenced by cT air masses Scarce vegetation High temperatures, low moisture Sahara Desert

10. Mild Climates  Mild climates generally do not have a huge temperature difference between their cold months and warm months Winters are generally warmer Summers are generally cooler ○ Southeastern United States ○ Italy

12. Continental Climates  Continental climates are relatively dry with hot summers and cold winters Away from bodies of water ○ Central parts of Asia ○ Canada

14. Polar Climates  Polar climates lie north of the continental climates Known for constant cold temperatures Has low precipitation  Found near the poles and at high elevations North/South Pole Andes Mountains