1. Utilising the Equity Index to monitor, guide and drive transformation for South African universities KS Govinder, NP Zondo and MW Makgoba

2. Introductory comments Constitution – non-racial, non-sexist society; equity in education 1997 Education White Paper 3 indicates a single co-ordinated national HE system with 6 equity related goals Employment Equity legislation – universities report in terms of equity/demographics

3. Long walk to transformation Student demographics – Enrolment: 12 years – Graduation: 14 years Staff demographics – Overall: 43 years – Instructional/research staff: 40 years

4. Introductory comments Our Equity Index uses the idea of distance between two points – the institution’s demographics and the national demographics (the benchmark) Historically transformation in the system has been monitored nationally – the EI disaggregates this to an institutional basis and allows comparison The same DHET/HEMIS data is used in the analysis as for historical analyses – it is now simply more transparent.

5. Distance

6. Distance Formula Distance between two points (x 1,x 2,…,x n ) and (y 1,y 2,…,y n ) is given by

7. Equity Index Distance between organisational demographics and national demographics EI is the distance left to travel to arrive at the constitutional imperative of a non-racial, non-sexist and democratic society

8. Distance

9. National demographic percentages Demographic CategoryOverall Age group 17-40 (Attained Grade 12/Std 10/Form 5 Age group 18-65 Age group 24-65 African 79.279.177.576.1 Coloured 8.98.19.29.4 Indian 2.53.52.83 White 8.98.79.810.9 Female 51.25251.251.7 Male 48.347.448.147.7 Distance from Overall %ages 01.823.9 Maximum EI 145.7145.5144.7144.3 5% Tolerance EI/Quintile 0 5.3 5.2 Quintile 1 5.3-29.1 5.3-28.95.2-28.9 Quintile 2 29.2-58.329.2-58.229-57.929-57.5 Quintile 3 58.4-87.458.3-87.358-86.857.8-86.6 Quintile 4 87.5-116.687.4-116.486.9-115.886.7-115.4 Quintile 5 116.6-145.7116.5-145.5115.9-144.7115.5-144.3

10. Some Equity Indices UnitEquity Index National Assembly17.8 National Council of Provinces31.7 Executive/Cabinet16.5 Vice-chancellors/HESA55

11. National Student EIs (2011) Institution Enrolment Racial EI Enrolment Gender EI Overall Enrolment EI Graduation Racial EI Graduation Gender EI Overall Graduation EI Racial Equity Efficiency Index Gender Equity Efficiency Index Equity Efficiency Index Central University of Technology, Free State7.96.410.27.51.97.70.44.52.5 University of Johannesburg9.15.410.617.811.221-8.7-5.8-10.4 Tshwane University of Technology13.90.613.910.95.1123-4.51.9 Durban University of Technology15.73.31618.62.318.7-2.91-2.7 Vaal University of Technology17.96.719.117.53.317.80.43.41.3 University of Fort Hare16.710.819.915.814.721.60.9-3.9-1.7 University of South Africa15.914.421.524.723.133.8-8.8-8.7-12.3 University of Limpopo21.93.122.122.45.123-0.5-2-0.9 Mangosuthu University of Technology241.324 2.424.10-1.1-0.1 University of Venda24.32.724.424.36.925.30-4.2-0.9 Walter Sisulu University23.56.824.523.310.525.60.2-3.7-1.1 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University27.33.327.535.16.935.8-7.8-3.6-8.3 University of Zululand23.318.429.722.620.930.80.7-2.5-1.1 University of the Free State28.310.530.253.68.854.3-25.31.7-24.1 University of KwaZulu-Natal31.91133.735.11538.2-3.2-4-4.5 North West University26.920.433.827.325.337.2-0.4-4.9-3.4 University of Witwatersrand34.34.534.641.87.442.4-7.5-2.9-7.8 Cape Peninsula University of Technology40.33.840.5469.547-5.7 -6.5 University of Pretoria45.110.646.349.413.351.2-4.3-2.7-4.9 Rhodes University53.811.35557.116.359.4-3.3-5-4.4 University of Western Cape60.513.261.961.313.262.7-0.80 University of Cape Town63.40.663.473.9374-10.5-2.4-10.6 University of Stellenbosch93.10.693.193.26.293.4-0.1-5.6-0.3

12. National Student EIs (2011)

13. Staff EIs (2011) Institution NameOverall Executive/adm in/mgmt. professional Instructional/r esearch professional Non- professional administrationService Specialised/s upport professionalTechnicalCrafts/trades Cape Peninsula University of Technology6467.370.266.391.762.174.5135.4 Central University of Technology42.351.464.658.314.638.958.873.5 Durban University of Technology56.484.366.850.141.161.173.4109.4 Mangosuthu University of Technology1830.735.626.8 1726.474.3 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University69.478.891.373.327.972.359.484.7 North West University71.195.883.688.819.191.471.785.1 Rhodes University4390.497.267.417.974.87264.6 Tshwane University of Technology29.338.351.32127.545.339.177.1 University of Cape Town76.488.289.783.977.679.986117.3 University of Fort Hare11.538.229.623.270.51425.977.5 University of Johannesburg4676.675.355.543.762.252.867.3 University of KwaZulu-Natal48.554.669.653.947.760.429.9121.9 University of Limpopo12.221.320.422.428.321.837.963.8 University of Pretoria67.693.492.867.430.860.774.978.7 University of South Africa36.951.356.629.633.846.862.959.3 University of Stellenbosch91.595.9101.996.3103.79891115 University of the Free State70.295.490.580.613.9106.491.897.1 University of Venda232132.329.127.927.644.636.9 University of Western Cape8079.77191.998.375.2100.8140.2 University of Witwatersrand44.848.879.747.44048.945.632.7 University of Zululand15.745.226.517.629.830.539.877.5 Vaal University of Technology21.350.442.947.424.437.223.570 Walter Sisulu University13.525.116.53026.429.755.835.9

14. Staff EIs (2011) Institution Name Overall Staff Racial EI Overall Staff Gender EIOverall Instructional/res earch professional Racial EI Instructional/res earch professional Gender EI Instructional/res earch professional Cape Peninsula University of Technology63.92.56468.714.470.2 Central University of Technology42.22.142.361.918.464.6 Durban University of Technology56.34.156.466.47.566.8 Mangosuthu University of Technology13.511.81817.63135.6 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University69.34.869.490.98.191.3 North West University70.86.771.183.28.583.6 Rhodes University430.84395.418.797.2 Tshwane University of Technology28.94.929.348.616.451.3 University of Cape Town75.79.876.488.713.989.7 University of Fort Hare10.25.311.519.522.229.6 University of Johannesburg45.92.446756.775.3 University of KwaZulu-Natal47.8848.569.61.669.6 University of Limpopo115.312.212.516.120.4 University of Pretoria67.45.667.692.74.192.8 University of South Africa36.74.636.956.53.356.6 University of Stellenbosch91.52.591.5100.616.1101.9 University of the Free State69.87.770.290.3690.5 University of Venda21.292317.72732.3 University of Western Cape800.98070.7671 University of Witwatersrand44.54.944.879.55.879.7 University of Zululand10.411.715.716.720.726.5 Vaal University of Technology21.13.221.340.613.942.9 Walter Sisulu University13.41.313.59.713.316.5

15. Staff EIs (2011)

16. Equity-weighted Productivity (2011) Institution Name 2011 Weighted Research OutputRank Equity Weighted Research OutputRank Instructional/Resea rch Staff equity weighted research outputRank Per capita output University of Pretoria2603.1138.5328.122.03 University of Cape Town2364.5230.9626.432.24 University of Stellenbosch2236.0324.4921.962.38 University of KwaZulu-Natal2192.8445.2231.511.49 University of Witwatersrand2077.9546.4126.141.99 North West University1444.09620.31017.371.21 University of South Africa1266.95734.3522.450.84 University of Johannesburg1240.35827.0716.581.42 University of the Free State1176.67916.81113.0111.39 University of Western Cape795.33109.91611.2121.48 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University791.41111.4148.7141.37 Rhodes University693.261216.1127.1152.17 Tshwane University of Technology457.851315.6138.9130.55 University of Fort Hare433.671437.7414.7101.49 University of Limpopo303.371524.9814.990.38 Cape Peninsula University of Technology281.79164.4204.0190.37 University of Venda198.35178.6176.1170.61 Durban University of Technology178.88183.2212.7200.3 University of Zululand172.251911.0156.5160.64 Vaal University of Technology107.06205.0182.5210.32 Central University of Technology90.81212.1221.4220.34 Walter Sisulu University67.1225.0194.1180.11 Mangosuthu University of Technology26.24231.5230.7230.13

17. Equity vs Research Output EI Total weighted productivity

18. Equity vs Per Capita Output EI Per Capita research output

19. Council and Senate Profiles (2013) InstitutionCouncil EIRankSenate EIRank University of KwaZulu-Natal14.1 (44.6)146.4 (89.3)5 Mangosutho University of Technology21.3228.41 University of Fort Hare23.9350.36 University of Venda29.2442.23 Tswane University of Technology39.1545.24 Cape Peninsula University of Technology42.3682.712 University of Limpopo50.67362 University of South Africa51861.37 Central University of Technology, Free State55.1969.78 University of Johannesburg56.21083.713 Durban University of Technology63.81182.411 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University63.81188.214 Rhodes University64.4139817 University of Witwatersrand65.3149616 University of Western Cape70.41579.210 University of Pretoria74.81693.815 University of Cape Town74.816102.718 University of the Free State77.718116.120 North West University81.21970.59 University of Stellenbosch121.920113.319

20. Council and Senate Profiles (2013)

21. Transformation drivers

22. Pace of transformation - students Institution Name Enrolment EI 2007 Enrolment EI 2011 Years to Transform Graduate EI 2007 Graduate EI 2011 Years to Transform Cape Peninsula University of Technology43.642.61704849.5-132 Central University of Technology11.57.8815.29.57 Durban University of Technology19.116.6272220.869 Mangosuthu University of Technology24.121.83824.322.345 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University26.430.4-3042.338.946 North West University38.137.525042.341.2150 Rhodes University67.858.12485.262.811 Tshwane University of Technology11.112.6-3413.513.1131 University of Cape Town71.566.14982.876.750 University of Fort Hare14.820-1523.722.575 University of Johannesburg24.314.263524.910 University of KwaZulu-Natal4336.8245541.612 University of Limpopo21.320.611822.121.7217 University of Pretoria53.249.65561.854.530 University of South Africa28.625.735453822 University of Stellenbosch95.595.7-191497.996.2226 University of the Free State44.133.61361.857.452 University of Venda24.422.75323.824.1-321 University of Western Cape6563.821370.864.843 University of Witwatersrand45.437.92054.445.821 University of Zululand27.630.1-4829.931.5-79 Vaal University of Technology16.8168014.316.5-30 Walter Sisulu University25.523.34230.22519

23. Pace of transformation - staff Institution Name2007 Overall2011 Overall Years to Transform 2007 Instructional/res earch professional 2011 Instructional/res earch professional Years to Transform Cape Peninsula University of Technology76.6642080.970.226 Central University of Technology46.442.3417564.625 Durban University of Technology59.956.4647166.864 Mangosuthu University of Technology18.61812043.335.618 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University7369.47796.191.376 North West University62.471.1-3378.183.6-61 Rhodes University45.4437299.597.2169 Tshwane University of Technology38.929.31266.251.314 University of Cape Town77.276.438294.389.778 University of Fort Hare14.211.51735.429.620 University of Johannesburg55.8461983.875.335 University of KwaZulu-Natal52.748.54670.769.6253 University of Limpopo14.312.2232720.412 University of Pretoria7367.65093.892.8371 University of South Africa56.536.987856.611 University of Stellenbosch92.991.5261103.9101.9204 University of the Free State68.470.2-156110.990.518 University of Venda25.3234034.932.350 University of Western Cape81.68020074.17192 University of Witwatersrand49.244.84183.679.782 University of Zululand1815.72729.426.537 Vaal University of Technology29.521.31065.842.97 Walter Sisulu University11.213.5-2318.916.528

24. Changes from 2007 to 2011 No significant difference in benchmarks (2001 versus 2011) Significant improvement in student enrolment and graduation Significant improvement in overall, executive, instructional/research, non-professional admin and specialised support staff profiles No significant improvement in service, technical and trades/craft staff profiles.

25. Changes from 2007 to 2011 NMMU, TUT, UFH, US and UZ have a worse student enrolment profile. CPUT, UV, UZ and VUT have a worse student graduation profile. Overall, NWU, UFS, and WSU have a worse staff profile. NWU is the only institution with a worse instructional/research staff profile.

26. Long walk to transformation Student demographics – Enrolment: 12 years (race: 8, gender: -11) – Graduation: 14 years (race: 11, gender: -28) Staff demographics – Overall: 43 years (race: 43, gender: -24 (stable at 2)) – Instructional/research staff: 40 years (race: 42, gender: 17)

27. Summary EI is a quantitative measure to determine equity profiles Can be used to measure transformation and drive transformation Fresh look to support goals of the Constitution, Education White Paper 3 and Employment Equity Legislation. Supports and aids the work of the Transformation Oversight Committee

28. Impact/Conclusions Six year Enrolment planning – Target: Improve Enrolment and Graduation EIs by the better of 20% or one quintile New Funding Framework – Funding targeted transformation. New Education White Paper – Target: Improve Overall Staff EI by the better of 20% or one quintile – Target: Improve Academic Staff EI by the better of 20% or one quintile Can now weight existing indicators via equity

29. References/Acknowledgements Govinder, K., Makgoba, MW., An Equity Index for South Africa, South African Journal of Science 109 (5/6) (May/June 2013) 6-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2013/a0020 KS. Govinder, NP. Zondo, MW. Makgoba, A new look into demographic transformation for universities in South Africa, South African Journal of Science (accepted; to appear 2013) Anonymous reviewers of above articles Professor Ian Bunting; Dr Nico Cloete (CHET) Professor Mark Bunting (Rhodes) Mr Chief Mabizela and staff (DHET) Mr Pali Lehohla and staff (StatsSA)