1. Standard Indicator 8-1.4: Explain the significance of enslaved and free Africans in the developing culture and economy of the South and South Carolina, including the growth of the slave trade and resulting population imbalance between African and European settlers; African contributions to agricultural development; and resistance to slavery, including Stono Rebellion & subsequent laws to control slaves

2. Southern Colonial Economies
Based on plantation system
Grew labor intensive crops
Virginia used indentured servants at first
By 1670’s few people willing to sign indenture contracts
Slavery developed slowly in Virginia
Slavery used from beginning in Carolina
Carolina planters tried to use Natives as workers
Natives could escape too easily & males not used to farming

3. Carolina Economic Development
Barbadians brought African slaves to Carolina
Slaves imported from Africa and West Indies
Steps to Slavery:
“Middle Passage”
Seasoning in West Indies
Quarantining on Sullivan's Island
Auctioning in Charles Town
Living & working on plantations

4. Carolina Economic Development
Carolina Economic Activities using African slaves
Cattle herding (West Africans brought knowledge)
Rice Cultivation (West Africans brought this too)
Harvesting naval stores (pitch & tar) and lumber from pine forests
Contributed to trade with Barbados & Britain

5. Slave Trade Increases Reasons:
Development of cash crops
growth of plantation system
Large-scale importation through Charleston
Began in 1690’s thousands imported
Worked on rice & indigo plantations

6. West African Culture brought by slaves:
Language
Dance
Music
Woodcarving
Folk medicine
Basket weaving: Sweet Grass Baskets

7. West African Culture brought by slaves:
Culture found in:
Call & response songs for work & spirit (morale)
Drums kept beat of field work & used to communicate with other plantations
Drums banned after Stono Rebellion (fear)

8. African Cultural Contributions:
Foods: yams staple of southern diet
Gullah: spoken language & culture of Africans on Sea Islands of SC; Geechee in GA.
Gullah unique to coast due to area’s limited access & large concentration of Africans

9. Impact of Growth of Slavery in Carolina
By 1698 Assembly worried there were too many slaves in colony
Assembly did not want to limit number of slaves imported to colony
Slaves were vital to economic success of Carolina
Demand for slaves led to increase in slave trade
Increase in slaves led to population imbalance
Slaves outnumbered whites in many areas
Whites concerned about controlling slave population
Stono-Rebellion increased concern & fear

10. Stono Rebellion & Impact
Started on Stono River near Charles Town
Cause: Spanish promise offering freedom to slaves who reached St. Augustine in Florida
Small group of slaves broke into store & killed 2 settlers
Used Drums to summon more slaves to join
Many slaves & settlers killed
Result: increased fear led to stronger slave codes

11. Negro Act of 1740:
Prohibited slaves from gathering without white supervision
Slaves could not be taught to read & write
Slaves could not carry guns
Slaves were not allowed to dress “above the condition of a slave”
Created harsher punishments for disobeying the law
Fined slave owners who were cruel to slaves
Most important to colonists it established tighter control of their slaves
But slave trade was still not limited after Stono Rebellion

12. South Carolina Free African-Americans
Fewer free African-Americans than other colonies
State legislature gave owners right to manumit slaves for good cause in early 1700’s
Methods of freeing slaves: last will & testament, faithful service, freeing mistresses & children, buying freedom
Slaves with special talents or skills could be hired out & earn money to purchase freedom
Manumission occurred rarely due to value of slaves
Law required freed blacks to leave SC within 6 months or be re-enslaved & sold at auction
Only 4% of free blacks lived in the South, most likely in urban areas using trades to earn living
After American Revolution new laws restricting freeing slaves were enacted

13. Slavery in Colonial America

14. Slavery in Colonial America

15. Slavery in Colonial America

17. Slavery in Colonial America

18. Slavery in Colonial America