1.  Read through the recent Guardian article and brainstorm answers to the following: 1.Does India show any signs of development in its education system? 2.How will the problems they face constrain development? 3.What should the Indian government do to solve theses problems? Do they need to? India’s Education Malaise..

2. Constraints on Development Lesson 2.4 - Year 13 Economics

3.  Before looking at policies to promote development, it is important to highlight certain constraints on development.  These can be both internal and external factors and processes. Constraints on Development

4. Poor Economic Management  Government policies on land - i.e. access only to Foreign Investors.  Knowledge of how to sustain their growth.  Questionable Investment decisions.  Presence of market failure and negative externalities which lead to the country being less competitive internationally.

5. Transportation  Infrastructure  Distance – Land locked LEDC’s face considerable issues in improving development and growth.  Access to other markets

6. Financial Position of the Govt  National Debt – Government spending is impacted on health and education etc  Mixed economy or over-reliance on the public sector?  Leadership – Dictatorship, policies?

7. Institutions  Banks  Savings  FDI  Businesses  Often in developing countries all of these institutions tend to be incomplete and rich elites invest outside of the country.

8. Deficiencies in Human Resources  Education  Health  Income Distribution

9. Resource Endowment of Nation  Capital  Land  Labour  Minerals  Oil

10.  Namibia is ‘blessed’ with high-quality diamond deposits is the world’s fifth largest producer of uranium.  Whilst this may be seen as a positive, the country is trapped in a low level of development because of a nation’s resource endowment. The Resource ‘Curse’

11.  Please read the hand-out and fill in the strengths and weaknesses section.  We will then feedback Policies to promote development

12.  Looking at each country shown, how do you think development could be improved. Which policy should be used?