1. Periodic Table Trends and Similarities

2. Trends of the Periodic Table: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1. Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point 2. Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements

3. Trends In The Periodic Table: Ionization Energy Atomic Radius Electron Affinity Electronegativity, Etc.

4. Periodic Trends Try to determine the trends by looking at the handouts provided.

5. Metallic Characteristic Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right IncreasesDecreases Conductivity Shininess Malleability Ductility

6. Reactivity Of Metals more reactive

7. Reactivity Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Increases with Metals Decreases with Nonmetals Decreases with Metals Increases with Nonmetals

8. Atomic Radius ½ the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms that are bonded together. 1. Energy level, n, as they go higher = larger 2. Proton – electron attraction = smaller

9. Atomic Radius Vs. Atomic Number

10. Atomic Radius Trends

11. Periodic Table Trends Answers

12. Atomic Radius Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right IncreasesDecreases

13. Ionic Radius 1. Cations lose electrons, therefore they tend to be Positive Ions - Metals 2. Anions gain electrons, therefore they tend to be Negative Ions - Nonmetals

14. Ionic Radius Trends Electron – electron repulsion = Larger

15. Ionic Radius Trends MetalsNonmetals SmallerLarger

16. Electron Affinity The energy change that occurs when a neutral atom acquires an electron. Most electron affinity values are negative. Energy is released from the atom. Atoms that really want another electron tend to be more negative.

17. Periodic Table Trends Answers

18. Electron Affinity Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Decreases (less negative) Increases (more negative) Noble Gases = 0

19. Ionization Energy The energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom. The closer to the nucleus, the harder to pull the electron. The farther away, more interference from other electrons, therefore, the easier it is to pull the electron.

20. Ionization Energy Vs. Atomic Number

21. Ionization Energy Trends

22. Top to Bottom Left to Right DecreasesIncreases

23. Electronegativity A measurement of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

24. Generally, Ionization energy + Electron Affinity = Electronegativity Most electronegative element – Fluorine (F) It is assigned the number 4 All other values are based on this value.

25. Electronegativity Trends

26. Top to Bottom Left to Right DecreasesIncreases

27. Density Mass of a Material Divided by Volume of that Material

28. Density Trends

29. Top to Bottom Left to Right Increase Increases then Decreases

30. Boiling Point Temperature at which a system moves from the liquid state to the gaseous state. The external pressure pushing into the liquid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the liquid.

31. Melting Point The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid. The external pressure pushing into the solid is equal to the internal pressure pushing out of the solid.

32. Boiling Point Trends

33. Boiling/Melting Point Trends Top to Bottom Left to Right Increases except Groups 1, 2, 12, 13, 14 Increases then Decreases

34. Trends of the Periodic Table: Let’s see if you can: 1. Give a trend across and down the Periodic Table for metallic characteristics, reactivity, atomic radius and ion radius, electron affinity, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, melting point and boiling point 2. Pick the element with the higher trend above from a list of several elements